มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล การพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืน, SDG Mahidol, SDG

Mahidol University advances its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy) by prioritizing energy efficiency and promoting building design that meets energy conservation standards. The University has established the Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction B.E. 2568 (2025) with the objective of maximizing the efficient use of energy and natural resources in alignment with SDG 7.

Through the Mahidol University Sustainability Action, the University drives progress toward all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a particular focus on enhancing energy efficiency, expanding renewable energy utilization, and implementing energy-efficient building design. This policy serves as a framework for all university units to optimize energy and resource use while minimizing environmental impacts.

Mahidol University remains committed to sustainable energy management, energy conservation, and the transition toward net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. These initiatives collectively foster a low-carbon campus, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and reinforce the University’s leadership in sustainable and resilient energy development.

7.2 University measures towards affordable and clean energy

7.2.1 Energy-efficient renovation and building

Mahidol University has implemented a policy to ensure that all renovations and new constructions comply with energy efficiency standards.

Mahidol University Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction B.E. 2568 (2025)

Mahidol University advances its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy) by focusing on energy efficiency and promoting building design that meets energy conservation standards. The University has established the Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction B.E. 2568 (2025) with the objective of promoting the most efficient use of energy and natural resources in alignment with SDG 7.

Through the Mahidol University Sustainability Action, the University drives progress toward all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 7, which emphasizes energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy, and promoting energy-efficient building design. This policy serves as a guideline for all university units to use energy and natural resources efficiently, maximize benefits, and minimize environmental impacts.

The Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction is defined as follows:

Clause 1: Revoke the previous Mahidol University Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction B.E. 2564 (2021).

Clause 2: Promote and oversee the planning and control of energy use within buildings through the implementation of an Energy Management System (EMS) to ensure cost-effectiveness and maximum efficiency. Encourage the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy (solar cells), in buildings.

Clause 3: Promote the design, renovation, and construction of energy-efficient and low-carbon buildings that minimize resource consumption. Encourage the use of environmentally friendly and certified construction materials, such as FSC, Greenguard, Carbon Reduction Label, and Green Industry Label. Support the use of locally sourced or regionally produced materials to reduce transportation and carbon dioxide emissions.

Clause 4: Design buildings with consideration of climatic factors, context, and environmental conditions, such as building orientation to wind and sunlight, natural ventilation, and daylight utilization. The building façade should be designed to minimize direct heat from sunlight.

Clause 5: Design outdoor spaces to enhance building energy efficiency by incorporating water infiltration and retention areas, preserving existing large trees, or planting new ones to provide shade and reduce heat. Promote the use of native plant species suitable for local conditions to support ecosystems and biodiversity.

Clause 6: Promote compliance with ministerial regulations and laws related to energy-efficient building design, as well as green building assessment standards such as the Public Sector Green Building Criteria of the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, or the TREES (Thai’s Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability) certification by the Thai Green Building Institute.

Clause 7: The University shall monitor and evaluate the progress of this policy’s implementation at least once a year to ensure continuous improvement and effective policy advancement.

Policy framework and action plan for upgrading building energy efficiency towards low carbon goals (Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy)

Mahidol University actively advances Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) through comprehensive policies and initiatives that promote energy efficiency, renewable energy use, and environmentally responsible construction practices. The university’s 2025 Energy-Saving Building Improvement or Construction Policy emphasizes efficient use of energy and natural resources, mandating the adoption of energy management systems, renewable energy integration, and climate-responsive building design. All new and renovated buildings follow Building Energy Code (BEC) standards to ensure compliance with national energy conservation regulations. As a “controlled building” under Thailand’s Energy Conservation Promotion Act, the university implements an 8-step energy management system to systematically monitor, evaluate, and improve energy performance. Technical measures include upgrading air-conditioning and lighting systems, expanding energy management systems and smart monitoring, preventive maintenance, and transitioning to high-efficiency equipment. Mahidol University currently operates solar installations with a capacity of 18.73 MW, generating approximately 1.36 million kWh per month and reducing carbon emissions by about 660 tons of CO₂ monthly, with further expansions planned. Several university buildings have received the Building Energy Code (BEC) Award and Thailand Energy Award, recognizing their excellence in sustainable and energy-efficient design. Flagship projects, such as the Mahidol Learning Center and Ramathibodi Hospital’s Chalermprakiat Building, exemplify passive and active energy-saving strategies, including natural ventilation, shading, efficient lighting, and advanced air-conditioning systems. Through these integrated efforts, Mahidol University demonstrates leadership in institutional sustainability and contributes significantly to Thailand’s transition toward low-carbon, energy-efficient development.

Policy on the improvement or construction of energy-saving buildings 2021

Mahidol University is advancing its Sustainability Action initiative in alignment with the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing sustainable infrastructure and environmental stewardship. To this end, the university has implemented a policy for the improvement and construction of energy-efficient buildings, providing clear guidelines for all departments to optimize the use of energy and natural resources while minimizing environmental impact. The policy promotes effective energy management and control within buildings, the adoption of low-carbon and resource-efficient design principles, and the use of recycled or environmentally certified materials such as those with Green Label and Label No. 5 certifications. It also encourages climate-responsive architectural design that considers natural factors such as wind direction and solar orientation, along with sustainable landscape planning that preserves native vegetation and large trees to enhance shading and reduce heat. Furthermore, all projects are required to comply with ministerial regulations and national green building standards, including the TREES (Thai’s Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability) criteria, reinforcing Mahidol University’s commitment to sustainable development and energy conservation in the built environment.

ประกาศมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล เรื่อง นโยบายการปรับปรุง หรือ ก่อสร้างอาคารประหยัดพลังงาน พ.ศ. 2564

References

7.2.2 Upgrade buildings to higher energy efficiency

Mahidol University is implementing plans to improve the energy performance of existing buildings in line with energy efficiency standards.

Policy framework and action plan for upgrading building energy efficiency towards low carbon goals (Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy)

Policy on the improvement or construction of energy-saving buildings 2021

References

7.2.3 Carbon reduction and emission reduction process

Mahidol University has established a systematic process for carbon management and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.

“9 to Zero” Plan

The “9 to Zero” initiative is Mahidol University’s strategic plan to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions within nine years, by 2030 (B.E. 2573). This plan aligns with and supports Thailand’s national goal of achieving net-zero emissions.

The University has set progressive greenhouse gas reduction targets compared to the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario in three phases:

65% reduction by 2024 (B.E. 2567)
85% reduction by 2027 (B.E. 2570)
100% reduction by 2030 (B.E. 2573)

Mahidol University monitors its greenhouse gas emissions through the development of the organizational carbon footprint, collecting data on emissions generated from all three scopes of activities. This enables effective management and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions across the University.

Scope 1: Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Direct Emission)

Stationary Combustion: Emissions from fuel combustion in equipment or machinery owned by the organization.
Mobile Combustion: Emissions from the use of organizational vehicles or mobile equipment and machinery.
Fugitive Emissions: Emissions from leaks or unintended releases such as refrigerant leakage, chemical use, fertilizer application, and wastewater treatment.

Scope 2: Energy Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Energy Indirect Emission)

Emissions from purchased electricity imported from external sources for use within the organization.

Scope 3: Other Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Other Indirect Emission)

Emissions resulting from activities not included in Scope 1 or Scope 2, such as:

Water consumption
Paper usage

Mahidol University Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Fiscal Years 2019–2024)
Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions	Types of Activities	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Scope 1: Direct emissions from fuel combustion and equipment use	Fuel consumption in stationary machinery Fuel consumption of organizational vehicles Carbon dioxide leakage from fire extinguishers Refrigerant leakage	18,951.87	5,520.72	2,196.96	4,248.52	6,124.16	10,122.60
Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased electricity	Electricity consumption in buildings	163,697.78	161,384.88	155,949.05	164,732.59	172,442.14	179,588.18
Scope 3: Other indirect emissions from activities such as water and paper consumption	Tap water consumption	3,814.22	3,792.52	3,376.18	3,691.92	3,922.94	4,347.50
	Paper usage	83.70	313.69	107.26	786.24	789.87	621.11
Total (tons of carbon dioxide equivalent: ton CO₂e)		186,547.57	171,011.82	161,629.45	173,459.27	183,279.10	194,679.39

Reference

9 To Zero

7.2.4 Plan to reduce energy consumption

Mahidol University has established an energy efficiency plan to systematically reduce overall energy consumption across the campus

Mahidol University Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction B.E. 2568 (2025)

The Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction is defined as follows:

Clause 1: Revoke the previous Mahidol University Policy on Energy-Efficient Building Renovation and Construction B.E. 2564 (2021).

Clause 7: The University shall monitor and evaluate the progress of this policy’s implementation at least once a year to ensure continuous improvement and effective policy advancement.

Mahidol University Energy Conservation Management

Mahidol University systematically drives energy conservation as a “Controlled Building” under the Energy Conservation Promotion Act B.E. 2535 (1992) and its Amendment B.E. 2550 (2007). The University applies the 8-Step Energy Management System as the main mechanism for investment and technical measures to enhance the efficiency of existing buildings.

Note: After completing all 8 steps, the Controlled Building must undergo verification by a Certified Energy Management Auditor, who will inspect and issue a certification report by March 31 of the following year.

No.	8-Step Energy Management Process (as required by law)	Key Implementation Mechanism	Monitoring and Review
1	Appointment of the Energy Management Committee	Appointed by the President or an authorized representative, specifying positions, authority, and responsibilities, and publicly announcing the appointment order.	-
2	Preliminary Assessment of Energy Management Status	Reviewed based on past energy data and using the Energy Management Matrix (EMM) to assess and design an energy management model suitable for the University’s context.	-
3	Establishment of the Energy Conservation Policy	Established and announced an energy conservation policy in accordance with ministerial regulations, endorsed by the President, and communicated through internal university channels.	-
4	Assessment of Energy Conservation Potential	Conducted regular Energy Audits of existing buildings to identify energy loss points and determine appropriate technical measures (at three levels: organization, product, and equipment/machinery).	-
5	Setting Energy Conservation Targets and Plans, Training, and Promotional Activities	Set energy reduction targets as a percentage compared to the previous year, specifying timeframe, investment, and expected outcomes.	Develop training plans and promotional activities for continuous participation of staff and students.
6	Implementation of Energy Conservation Plans and Performance Review	Unit administrators must ensure continuous implementation of the plan. Responsible officers report results, and the committee reviews and analyzes performance every three months, identifying causes of unmet targets.	Prepare summary reports on the implementation of energy conservation measures.
7	Monitoring and Evaluation of Energy Management	Held meetings to appoint an Internal Energy Management Audit Committee to verify data accuracy and compliance with the plan.	The audit committee prepares an inspection report.
8	Review and Corrective Action for Energy Management Deficiencies	The committee summarizes results and reports to university executives at least once a year, providing detailed corrective and improvement measures.	Executives review and promptly issue corrective actions.

Technical and Operational Measures

Mahidol University implements technical measures to enhance the efficiency of its main energy systems, aiming to meet the Building Energy Code (BEC) standards and ensure clarity in performance monitoring.

Main System	Improvement Plan / Measures	Expected Targets
Air Conditioning System (AC)	High-Efficiency Equipment Replacement: Plans are in place to replace old air-conditioning units with high energy-efficiency models (minimum 5-star rating) and install Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) in central cooling systems where applicable.	Upgrade: Improve the cooling efficiency of existing buildings to meet BEC Part 3 standards (Air Conditioning System).
Lighting System	Lighting Replacement Project: The university plans to achieve 100% replacement of lighting with LED bulbs across all campuses.	Upgrade: Reduce the installed Lighting Power Density (LPD) to below the BEC Part 2 standard.
Energy Management System (EMS)	EMS and Smart Monitoring Expansion: The installation of Smart Meters and the Energy Management System (EMS) will be expanded to enable detailed monitoring, data collection, and control of actual energy use at the building level.	Enhance Transparency: Strengthen energy-saving performance tracking and energy use control.
Preventive Maintenance (PM)	Maintenance Plan: Preventive Maintenance (PM) will be regularly implemented for all building systems, especially high-energy-consuming ones, to ensure that all equipment and systems operate at their designed efficiency levels.	Maintain Efficiency: Minimize energy waste and extend the lifespan of equipment.

Renewable Energy

The university has a clear and measurable plan to increase the proportion of clean energy use:

Current Proportion: Renewable energy accounts for 1.50% of the university’s total energy consumption.
Generation Capacity:

Installed: A total of 18.73 megawatts (MW) of solar photovoltaic (solar cell) systems have been installed.
Output: These systems generate an average of 1,360,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per month.
GHG Reduction: This helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 660 tons of CO₂ equivalent per month.
Expansion Plan: An additional 1.66 MW is being installed in 2025, with a further 2.85 MW planned for the Phayathai Campus in the future.

Energy-Efficient Equipment

The university uses energy-efficient equipment such as computers, printers, lighting, and air conditioners that consume less electricity or have high energy efficiency. Currently, 85.6% of all equipment in use is energy-efficient.

Building Energy Code (BEC) Standards for Educational and Healthcare Buildings

University buildings must be designed so that all relevant parameters do not exceed the standards specified in the Building Energy Code (BEC), as enforced by the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE).

Overall Building Energy Consumption

If the performance of one or more building systems or equipment does not meet the specified efficiency criteria, the building may be evaluated based on its overall energy consumption. The total annual energy consumption of the building shall be calculated and compared with that of a reference building. The building will meet the overall energy consumption criteria only if its total annual energy consumption is lower than that of the reference building, which must have the same usable area, orientation, and envelope area for each side as the proposed or modified building. The reference building must comply with the prescribed standards for the building envelope, lighting system, and air-conditioning system. Calculations shall follow the Ministerial Regulation on Criteria, Calculation Methods, and Certification of Energy Conservation Design Assessment for Building Systems, Overall Building Energy Consumption, and Renewable Energy Use in Building Systems B.E. 2564 (2021).

Renewable Energy Use for Buildings
Electricity consumption in certain areas may be excluded if the building’s lighting system is designed to utilize natural daylight along the building envelope. Such areas shall be considered as having no installed electric lighting equipment, provided that the design meets the following conditions:

The design must clearly show switches that can turn on and off lighting equipment used in areas along the building envelope. The lighting equipment must be located no more than 1.5 times the window height (measured from the floor to the top of the window frame) away from the building envelope.
Windows along the building envelope (as specified in 5.1.1) must have an Effective Shading Coefficient of not less than 0.3, a Light to Solar Gain Ratio greater than 1.0, and the width of the window must not be less than the width of the adjacent opaque wall section.

Renewable Energy Use for Buildings (Electricity Generation)
If the building generates electricity from solar energy, the amount of electricity produced may be deducted from the total building energy consumption before comparison with the reference building. The renewable energy generated from solar power shall be calculated based on the annual electricity output from photovoltaic systems (Photovoltaic Energy: PVE), expressed in kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/y).
Renewable Thermal Energy Use for Buildings
Thermal energy from renewable sources may be converted into equivalent annual electrical energy (Heat to Electrical Energy: HEE), expressed in kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/y). The equivalent energy value may be deducted from the total building energy consumption.
Other Forms of Renewable Energy (ORE)
For renewable energy sources other than those specified in Clauses 5.2 and 5.3, the energy value shall be calculated using engineering principles and converted into equivalent annual electrical energy, expressed in kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/y).

All calculations shall follow the methods prescribed in the Ministerial Regulation on Criteria, Calculation Methods, and Certification of Energy Conservation Design Assessment for Building Systems, Overall Building Energy Consumption, and Renewable Energy Use in Building Systems B.E. 2564 (2021).

For buildings applying for construction or modification permits that choose to comply with the energy assessment method (Form OrPor.02) by meeting all system-specific criteria, inspectors must verify compliance with the energy efficiency standards for all systems and equipment, including:

Part 1: Building Envelope (OTTV, RTTV)
Part 2: Lighting System (LPD)
Part 3: Air-Conditioning System
Part 4: Water Heating Equipment (if applicable)

If the building chooses to comply through the overall building energy consumption method (Form OrPor.02), inspectors shall verify compliance only for:

Part 4: Water Heating Equipment (if applicable)
Part 5: Overall Building Energy Consumption.

Policy framework and action plan for upgrading building energy efficiency towards low carbon goals (Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy)

Reference

7.2.5 Energy wastage identification

Mahidol University has conducted energy reviews to identify areas with the highest levels of energy wastage. The university monitors electricity consumption through an Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system, with a total of 85 AMR devices installed across its facilities.

The installation of the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system at Mahidol University serves as a key foundation for efficiently and modernly monitoring energy consumption in each university building. The Utilities and Building Systems Division, under the Division of Physical Systems and Environment, is responsible for managing and maintaining the system.

In 2021, Mahidol University replaced 85 traditional analog electricity meters with AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) meters. This transition enhanced the continuity and accuracy of energy data collection while reducing human error and labor costs associated with manual meter reading.

Electricity consumption data are automatically collected through the SCADA Monitoring system and displayed on the Mahidol AMR web portal. The AMR system provides granular energy consumption data updated every 15 minutes, enabling users to monitor and analyze energy usage in detail and identify buildings with the highest daily energy consumption.

Map Showing AMR Meter Installations at Salaya Campus

Accurate data from the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system will be used for energy analysis and wastage identification.

Once precise data are obtained from the AMR system, they are displayed through a web-based platform that presents energy consumption information for each building. This enables key processes for identifying energy wastage, including:

Energy Benchmarking: Users can compare energy consumption among buildings with similar functions to identify those with unusually high energy use (outliers). These outliers serve as early indicators of potential energy wastage and help determine strategies for energy reduction.
Detection of Abnormal Energy Use Patterns: Daily AMR data allow analysis of the base load—energy consumption during non-operating hours (e.g., nighttime or holidays). A significantly high base load indicates that equipment may have been left running unnecessarily or operating inefficiently in standby mode, representing direct energy loss.
Equipment Performance Monitoring: AMR data can be integrated with operational cycle analysis of major systems (e.g., cooling or air-conditioning systems) to assess equipment performance degradation. If energy consumption increases while output remains constant, it indicates energy loss due to reduced efficiency.

Clear identification of energy wastage through the AMR system supports informed decision-making in energy management to achieve maximum energy reduction goals.

This includes:

Targeted Intervention: Developing specific energy-saving measures for individual buildings identified as having the highest energy losses.
Measurement and Verification: Using AMR data as evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented energy-saving projects (e.g., lighting replacement or renewable energy installation) by comparing post-implementation energy consumption with historical data.

The AMR system transforms invisible energy use into measurable and analyzable data, enabling Mahidol University to identify and manage energy wastage sustainably.

Reference

การตรวจสอบปริมาณการใช้พลังงานไฟฟ้าของมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล ผ่านระบบ Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

7.2.6 Divestment policy

Mahidol University has a policy on divesting investments from carbon-intensive energy industries, particularly coal and oil.

Mahidol University Announcement on the Policy for Asset Utilization, B.E. 2566 (2023)

To ensure the effective utilization of the university’s assets, Mahidol University has established a policy aimed at achieving maximum benefits or returns under limited risk, with sustainability comparable to leading global universities. The policy details are as follows:

Efficient Fund Management: Manage the accumulated funds of each faculty or division to achieve the highest possible benefit within their respective constraints.
Effective Investment Allocation: Promote efficient investment allocation by diversifying investments across various asset types to minimize risk.
Support for ESG Investment Principles: Participate in promoting ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investment policies to ensure sustainable and long-term value creation by prioritizing securities issued by companies that demonstrate transparency, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship.

Reference

ประกาศมหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล เรื่อง นโยบายการจัดหาประโยชน์จากทรัพย์สินของมหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ. 2566

7.3 Energy use density

7.3.1 Energy usage per sqm

7.3.1 Energy usage per sqm	0.21
Total energy used	271,662
University floor space	1,280,519

7.4 Energy and the community

7.4.1 Local community outreach for energy efficiency

Mahidol University provides programs for the local community to learn about the importance of energy efficiency and clean energy through the Solar Rooftop Project at the Central Wastewater Treatment Office Building, which serves as a Learning Center for Energy Efficiency (Solar Rooftop).

The center offers opportunities for individuals interested in solar power generation and efficient electricity use to learn and observe real operations, with the goal of applying this knowledge to improve their own organizations. It also provides hands-on learning experiences for students to understand the practical operation of solar energy systems.

The university organizes guided tours, lectures, and Q&A sessions conducted by staff to support visitors and participants interested in renewable energy and energy efficiency.

Energy Efficiency Learning Center (Solar Rooftop)

Mahidol University has implemented the Solar Rooftop Project at the Integrated Wastewater Treatment System Office Building as part of its clean energy and sustainability initiatives. The wastewater treatment facility, which processes effluent from multiple campus buildings, previously consumed approximately 28,000 kWh per month due to high energy demands from large machinery. To reduce electricity costs and promote renewable energy, the university installed a 21.78 kW On-Grid solar photovoltaic system comprising 66 monocrystalline panels. The system generates electricity to power office operations and treatment machinery, while any surplus energy is distributed within the facility, enhancing overall energy efficiency. Following the project’s success, Mahidol University expanded solar installations across the Salaya Campus, including both rooftop and floating systems with a total capacity of 12 MW. The project has also evolved into a learning center for clean energy, offering tours, workshops, and training for students and visitors from over 20 educational institutions and organizations. This initiative not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions and operational energy costs but also fosters knowledge sharing, community engagement, and student experiential learning in renewable energy technologies.

Reference

ศูนย์การเรียนรู้การใช้พลังงานอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ (Solar Rooftop)

7.4.2 100% renewable energy pledge

Mahidol Sustainable and Modern Energy for All: Solar Cell Seminar — a platform for sharing knowledge and exchanging ideas on government policies related to solar energy, as well as current and future innovations in solar cell technology.

Mahidol University promotes public engagement and advocacy beyond the campus through pledges, discussions, and events supporting the transition toward 100% renewable energy. One such initiative is the Mahidol Sustainable and Modern Energy for All: Solar Cell Seminar, which provides a platform for knowledge exchange on government policies related to solar energy and innovations in current and future solar technologies.

The event was organized by the Mahidol Innovation Commercial Center (MICC) under the management of the Institute for Technology and Innovation Management (iNT). It aimed to promote and drive the adoption of clean energy across all sectors while fostering awareness of solar energy innovations. The seminar took place at MaSHARES Co-Working & Maker Space MB on 27 July 2023.

Key topics included:

Government Policy on Solar Energy by Asst. Prof. Dr. Sarawut Vetchagit, Faculty of Engineering
Development of Solar-Powered Boats for Coral Reef Tourism by Asst. Prof. Dr. Kant Panprayoon, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies
Perovskite Innovation: A Strategic Material for Future Solar Cells by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos, Faculty of Science

The seminar was officially opened by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yoshanan Wongsawat, Director of the Institute for Technology and Innovation Management (iNT).

Eco-Friendly Sulfolane-Based Solvent Enhances Conductivity and Strengthens Perovskite Crystal Layers

Clean energy from solar cells—particularly perovskite solar cells—can directly convert sunlight into electricity without generating pollution during the energy conversion process. This technology has become one of the most promising energy innovations, capable of meeting global energy demands while supporting sustainability goals. Perovskite solar cells stand out for their simple manufacturing process, low material cost, lightweight and flexible structure, and high light absorption and conversion efficiency comparable to silicon-based solar cells.

Perovskite solar cells are made from materials with a perovskite crystal structure, formed by combining lead or tin-based metal salts with other components in appropriate ratios. These are mixed with a solvent, coated onto a conductive substrate, and heated to form crystals. The choice of an effective and safe solvent is crucial to ensure that the production process is both efficient and environmentally responsible—especially when scaled up for industrial use. Developing greener solvents is therefore an essential step toward sustainable solar technology.

This research introduces a safer and more environmentally friendly solvent system composed of:

Sulfolane, a compound that does not easily penetrate the skin.
Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), a naturally occurring compound found in certain fermentation processes, such as winemaking.
Acetic acid (AcOH), a common substance found in everyday life, such as in vinegar.

This solvent system is significantly more eco-friendly than conventional solvents typically used in solar cell fabrication.

Testing of perovskite solar cells prepared with this solvent system revealed several positive effects beyond its environmental benefits. The perovskite crystals became larger and of higher quality, with stronger grain boundaries that improved electrical conductivity. Sulfolane molecules were found to occupy the grain boundary regions, reinforcing them and acting as a moisture barrier—further enhancing the overall performance and stability of the solar cell devices.

This study demonstrates an environmentally friendly approach that simultaneously improves the efficiency of clean energy production. It contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions—a key factor in mitigating climate change—while promoting energy security, which is vital for human well-being and future economic development.

Solar Powered Boat to Promote Sustainable Tourism Policy

The solar-powered electric boat is a 7.5-meter-long and 3.5-meter-wide catamaran equipped with a 2.4 kWp solar power generation system and two 4 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM).

During the test run along the Ao Nid–Koh Khai Hua Roh route, covering a distance of 8.15 kilometers—including docking maneuvers and navigation along the island’s natural water channels under mild to moderate wave conditions—the boat demonstrated stable performance and good maneuverability. Passengers were able to move around and engage in activities comfortably during the test.

Performance Results:

Maximum speed: 8.33 km/h
Average speed: 6.26 km/h
Electrical energy consumption: 2.54 kWh
Average motor power: 1.89 kW
Average solar irradiance: 405.97 W/m²
Total insolation: 6.97 kWh
Battery charge gained: 1.31 kWh
System efficiency: 18.80%
Continuous operation on battery power alone: 5 hours 45 minutes
Travel distance on battery power: approximately 35 kilometers, covering typical tourist routes around Koh Mak

The solar-powered electric boat technology serves as a tool for sustainable tourism management and coral reef conservation by replacing conventional fuel-powered boats. It eliminates carbon emissions and soot pollution from combustion, helping protect marine ecosystems while promoting sustainable tourism practices.

Koh Mak has been designated as a model area by the Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration (DASTA) to advance the island toward compliance with the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria (GSTC).

Reference

สัมมนา Mahidol Sustainable and Modern Energy for All Solar Cell

7.4.3 Energy efficiency services for industry

Mahidol University provides direct services to local industries to enhance energy efficiency and promote the adoption of clean energy solutions.

Energy Research and Testing Center Project to promote the use of high-efficiency equipment in collaboration with the government, industry, and public sectors.

Academic Services in Collaboration with Government and Industry to Promote Energy Efficiency and Conservation

In response to the initiative by the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE) to issue a ministerial regulation on high-efficiency machinery, equipment, and materials for energy conservation, Mahidol University has played an active role in supporting national energy efficiency efforts. The regulation aims to promote, publicize, and encourage the production, distribution, and use of high-efficiency machinery and energy-saving materials in accordance with the Energy Conservation Promotion Act B.E. 2535 (1992) and its amendment in B.E. 2550 (2007).

The Center for Energy Research and Testing Laboratory (CERT Lab), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, collaborated with DEDE, Ministry of Energy, as a consultant for the project promoting high-efficiency machinery, equipment, and materials for energy conservation through labeling. The project’s objective was to encourage the production and distribution of high-efficiency energy-saving products by introducing an energy efficiency labeling system, as well as to promote the widespread use of energy-efficient equipment and materials across Thailand.

The collaboration also involved developing technical data, manuals, standards, and operational procedures, which led to the issuance of the Ministerial Regulation on High-Efficiency Machinery, Equipment, and Materials for Energy Conservation B.E. 2552 (2009). The first pilot product under this regulation was the household LPG gas stove, which adopted the “High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Label” as a tool to raise public awareness about energy conservation and to encourage manufacturers in the industrial sector to improve the efficiency of their products.

Project Implementation Timeline

Phase 1 (2005)
Studied the components and characteristics of high-efficiency gas stoves, including gas nozzle size, gas pipe dimensions, and other physical attributes. Randomly tested gas stoves available in the market by boiling water and measuring the amount of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumed to bring the water to a boil. The test results were ranked from the lowest to highest energy consumption. The top 20% of stoves with the lowest energy use were classified as high-efficiency gas stoves, and their energy consumption values were used as reference standards for further testing. A “high-efficiency gas stove” was defined as one that uses LPG to boil water without exceeding the reference energy value.
Phase 2
Studied and developed testing methods for other equipment, such as electric motors. Prepared two editions of the Master Plan for High-Efficiency Equipment in Thailand for the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE).
Phase 3 (2012–2013)
Developed and introduced the High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Label No. 5, in collaboration with the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), to avoid overlapping responsibilities and to jointly promote nationwide energy conservation.
Mahidol University was assigned to oversee the labeling of High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Label No. 5 for industrial electrical equipment and non-electrical household appliances, while EGAT managed the labeling of all household electrical appliances under the Energy-Saving Label No. 5 program.
Mahidol University also organized a design competition for the High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Label No. 5 and conducted the first round of testing and labeling for household LPG gas stoves and electric motors.

Phase 4 (2014–2018)
Expanded research and testing to include additional types of equipment to promote broader adoption of the High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Label and to ensure the continuity of national energy efficiency and conservation campaigns.
From 2007 to 2018, a total of 19 products were officially registered under the High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Label program.

Phase 5 (2018–Present)

A proposal was developed for roof-coating materials, as the uppermost building layers experience the highest heat accumulation due to direct solar radiation, leading to increased energy consumption for cooling. The Center for Energy Research and Testing Laboratory (CERT Lab) collaborated with the Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, and private-sector paint manufacturers to develop roof coatings capable of reflecting maximum heat and minimizing heat absorption. This innovation aims to reduce building cooling energy demand. If the proposal is adopted, it will establish a national standard for energy-efficient roof coatings, enhancing energy efficiency and conservation in Thailand.

In addition, the CERT Lab collaborated with Berger Paints to develop a method for evaluating building energy savings through paint application. This collaboration resulted in the creation of the Paint CO2CAL web application, a tool for calculating carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂ emissions) or carbon footprint, as well as estimating energy savings from using Berger Cool paints across more than 1,200 color shades. This innovation aligns with global sustainability trends, enabling consumers to access energy performance data before making purchasing decisions and supporting the global goal of limiting the rise in Earth’s surface temperature to no more than 1.5°C.

In the near future, the CERT Lab is preparing to upgrade its testing facilities and documentation to comply with ISO/IEC 17025, the international standard for testing and calibration laboratories. This upgrade will ensure internationally recognized quality, enhance service reliability, strengthen competitiveness, and build confidence among consumers and the general public in certified products.

Roles and Responsibilities of Mahidol University

The Center for Energy Research and Testing Laboratory (CERT Lab), under the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, has played a key role in collaboration with the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE). The university serves as a consultant in promoting the use of high energy-efficiency equipment by developing testing procedures and methodologies for electrical appliances. It also studies average energy consumption data for various devices to propose standard energy performance benchmarks.

The CERT Lab provides a certified energy testing facility for manufacturers and distributors to test their products. Upon receiving certification from the laboratory, manufacturers can submit the documentation to DEDE for registration under the High-Efficiency Energy-Saving Label No. 5 program.

Currently, the laboratory offers testing services for equipment such as gas stoves, motors, engines, and deep fryers. In addition to testing for labeling purposes, many manufacturers use the lab’s services to improve product quality and seek expert consultation from the CERT Lab’s specialists.

The success of the CERT Lab’s operations has attracted interest from both academic and industrial sectors. Many visitors come to study and exchange knowledge, while some manufacturers visit the testing facilities to gain insights for establishing their own in-house testing laboratories to enhance product development. The lab also provides training and guidance to industrial operators on proper and effective use of testing facilities.

Some manufacturers who already possess testing data from their own or the university’s laboratories seek further advice on improving product efficiency in line with modern technologies. Mahidol University’s experts view these activities—testing services, technical consultation, and collaboration with government agencies—as a practical application of academic knowledge to promote optimal energy use and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Reference

โครงการศูนย์วิจัยและปฏิบัติการทดสอบพลังงานเพื่อส่งเสริมการใช้อุปกรณ์ประสิทธิภาพสูงร่วมกับภาครัฐบาล ภาคอุตสาหกรรม และภาคประชาชน

7.4.4 Policy development for clean energy tech

Mahidol University provides expertise and support to the government in the formulation and advancement of policies related to clean energy and energy-efficient technologies.

Energy Research and Testing Center Project to promote the use of high-efficiency equipment in collaboration with the government, industry, and public sectors.

Mahidol University, through the Center for Energy Research and Testing Laboratory (CERT Lab) under the Faculty of Engineering, has played a key role in promoting energy efficiency and conservation in collaboration with the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), Ministry of Energy. The university has served as an academic advisor in developing and implementing the Ministerial Regulation on High-Efficiency Machinery, Equipment, and Energy Conservation Materials, as well as in creating the High-Efficiency Energy Saving Label No. 5. This initiative aims to encourage the production, distribution, and use of energy-efficient products, starting with household gas stoves and later expanding to various appliances and industrial equipment. Over time, the collaboration has led to the registration of 19 high-efficiency products and the development of innovations such as reflective roof paint and the Paint CO₂ CAL web application, which calculates energy savings and carbon footprints from building coatings. Currently, CERT Lab provides testing and certification services for equipment including stoves, motors, and engines, supporting both government policy and private sector innovation. The center also offers training and consultation to industrial operators, promoting technology adoption and contributing to national energy conservation and fossil fuel reduction efforts.

Reference

โครงการศูนย์วิจัยและปฏิบัติการทดสอบพลังงานเพื่อส่งเสริมการใช้อุปกรณ์ประสิทธิภาพสูงร่วมกับภาครัฐบาล ภาคอุตสาหกรรม และภาคประชาชน

7.4.5 Assistance to low-carbon innovation

Mahidol University provides support and assistance to start-ups that promote and develop low-carbon technologies and contribute to a sustainable, low-carbon economy.

Mahidol Net Zero Innovation: Driving a Low-Carbon Economy through Startup Technology

Mahidol University: The Origin of Green Tech Innovation Toward a Net Zero Future

Mahidol University drives the path toward Net Zero through its strong academic foundation and the Institute for Technology and Innovation Management (iNT), transforming research into creative low-carbon technologies that enhance quality of life and the environment while advancing Thailand toward a sustainable global economy.

Recognizing the importance of addressing climate change, Mahidol University has set a target to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2030. Achieving this goal requires more than internal improvements—it demands the power of innovation and entrepreneurship as key mechanisms for building a low-carbon economy.

As a higher education institution committed to sustainability, Mahidol University has established a solid foundation to systematically support and nurture Green Tech Startups, transforming research outcomes into businesses that can tangibly reduce environmental impacts.

🌱 Green Tech Startups: The Core Mechanism for Sustainability

Green Technology (Green Tech) or Climate Tech refers to technologies and innovations designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve resource efficiency, and promote environmental sustainability. Mahidol University prioritizes the incubation of startups in these key areas:

Carbon Management: Innovations for carbon capture and conversion into value-added materials.
Circular Economy: Waste management and resource recovery technologies.
Energy Efficiency: Smart technologies that reduce energy consumption across systems.

🚀 Mahidol University’s Support Mechanisms for Green Tech Startups

Mahidol integrates its key units and resources to transform researchers and students into Green Tech entrepreneurs through a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem:

Institute for Technology and Innovation Management (iNT): Serves as the central hub for incubation through the Mahidol Startup Incubator, providing support in intellectual property (IP) management and fundraising.
Academic and Specialized Research Resources: Startups have access to specialized laboratories and can collaborate with expert faculty members from the Faculty of Science, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, and Faculty of Engineering for technology validation.
Experts and Laboratories: Work with academic specialists from the Faculty of Science, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, and Faculty of Engineering to conduct technology validation, including measuring carbon reduction efficiency, analyzing material purity, and designing automated production systems.
Intellectual Property Protection: The university’s Technology Transfer Office provides support in registering and protecting intellectual property (IP) to strengthen the competitive advantage of innovations.
Strategic Partnerships: Mahidol University fosters collaborations such as the “Zero Carbon & Beyond” initiative to pilot technologies and expand business networks.

🌍 Showcasing Success: Global Low-Carbon Innovations

Startups and innovations nurtured and supported by Mahidol University demonstrate real potential in driving the low-carbon economy, showcasing how academic excellence and entrepreneurial innovation can work together to create global environmental impact.

Carbon Polymerizing System: Transforming Carbon into Bioplastic

Technology: Utilizes bacteria to convert carbon into naturally biodegradable bioplastic.

Developers: Team BrainTeazer — Sumet Klomjitcharoen, Saharat Chawerachai, and Kanyapat Ploypradit, students from the Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University.

Awards:

National Winner, James Dyson Award 2024
Grand Prize Winner, 8th Delta International Smart & Green Manufacturing Contest among 328 universities worldwide (Delta World Cup 2022)
2nd Runner-Up, DELTA x DIPROM Angel Fund 2023
First Prize, Innovation for Campus Sustainability 2024
First Runner-Up, 3rd PIM International Hackathon

Carbon Removal: Captures carbon molecules from various sources (such as wastewater from food waste) and converts them into PHB bioplastic, effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions at the source.

Circular Economy: PHB material is fully biodegradable in soil within two weeks, addressing the issue of long-lasting plastic pollution.

This innovation exemplifies how Mahidol University’s strong support for innovation can foster Green Tech startups capable of representing Thailand on the global stage.

Carbon Polymerizing System: Turning Carbon into Bioplastic

The Carbon Polymerizing System, developed by a team of engineering students from Mahidol University, won the National Winner title at the James Dyson Award 2024. This innovation is an automated carbon-to-bioplastic production system designed to address climate change caused by greenhouse gases originating from food waste. The team will represent Thailand, along with two runner-up teams, in the international round of the competition.

The Carbon Polymerizing System captures carbon molecules and converts them into an eco-friendly bioplastic known as PHB (Polyhydroxybutyrate), suitable for applications ranging from general packaging to medical materials. The system uses bacteria to transform carbon from various sources—such as fruit juice wastewater, fruit and vegetable biomass, or even greenhouse gases—into naturally biodegradable and safe bioplastic. PHB decomposes in soil within approximately two weeks, compared to conventional plastics that can take up to 80 years to degrade. This innovation not only reduces harmful carbon emissions but also prevents long-term plastic pollution, benefiting both the environment and society.

From Carbon Gas to Bioplastic

The system operates automatically using a real-time control system (SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) to ensure efficient and clean production. By monitoring the entire process in real time, it minimizes waste and pollution, marking a significant step toward sustainable manufacturing. This approach not only reduces carbon emissions but also removes more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases.

The inventors — Sumet Klomjitcharoen, Saharat Chawerachai, and Kanlayapach Ploypradit, students from the Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University — are driven by the goal of tackling climate change. Recognizing the vast amount of carbon released into the atmosphere through human activities, they developed this innovation to transform food waste and other carbon sources into valuable bioplastic.

As the national winners, the team received a 224,000 THB prize from the James Dyson Award to further develop and commercialize their innovation. They also plan to enhance the system with a carbon emission tracking feature to monitor greenhouse gas output during production.

Saharat Chawerachai, one of the team members, shared that the James Dyson Award provided them with an opportunity to present their innovation to the world. He expressed hope that this recognition will help the Carbon Polymerizing System gain market visibility and make a greater positive impact on the planet, while inspiring others to use creativity and innovation to solve global challenges.

🍍 PiLeatha: Vegan Leather Made from Pineapple Leaf Fibers and Natural Rubber

PiLeatha: Low-Carbon Innovation from Agricultural Resources

PiLeatha is a successful example of a low-carbon innovation that utilizes local agricultural resources to create sustainable alternative materials. It represents the commercialization of research under the trade name PiLeatha, developed by Evergen Technology Co., Ltd.

Technology: The process transforms pineapple leaf fibers—an agricultural byproduct—by blending them with Thai natural rubber through fiber extraction and sheet-forming technology. This innovative process reduces the carbon footprint by eliminating the need for spinning or weaving. The resulting material contains over 90% natural content.

Developers: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Taweechai Amornsakchai (CTO, Mahidol University) and Son Duangsuwan (CEO), under the startup Evergen Technology Co., Ltd.
Awards and Standards:

Selected for the Ideation Incentive Program and showcased at TED FUND GRANT DAY 2024
Certified under ISO 3376 for tensile strength and elongation, key properties of leather materials
Certified under ASTM D624 for tear strength of rubber-based materials

Carbon Removal: Indirect impact: Helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions by preventing the traditional burning of pineapple leaves in agricultural fields, a common source of pollution.
Circular Economy: Resource circulation: Converts agricultural waste (pineapple leaves) into high-value materials, replacing plastics and synthetic resins with natural rubber in vegan leather production.
Commercialization: The innovation has evolved into the PiLeatha brand, producing fashion items (such as bags and passport covers) and corporate premium products in collaboration with HILMYNA. The brand is expanding internationally to markets including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia.

Mahidol Startup Portfolio https://int-startup-portfolio.glide.page/dl/ddecb1

Reference

Mahidol Net Zero Innovation: ขับเคลื่อนเศรษฐกิจคาร์บอนต่ำด้วยเทคโนโลยีสตาร์ทอัพ

7.5 Low carbon energy use

7.5.1 Low carbon energy use

7.5.1 Low carbon energy use
Total energy used	271,662
Total energy used from low-carbon sources	36,826