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Mahidol University received a grant from the Austrian Government to create a representative study of children of the Migrant Learning Center (MLC) in Phop Phra and Tha Song Yang Sub-districts in Mae Sot Province to make a comparison with children in the nearby Thai Early Childhood Development Center (ECCD).  The study aims to ensure that migrant children have access to quality basic education and the support of the community in their learning. The study used the International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) to measure the developmental status of 418 children and the IDELA-Home Environment tool to interview 333 care takers about their family and home characteristics. It concluded that there was little difference in the degree of child development between children at the immigrant learning center and the Thai early childhood development center. However, there are large and significant gaps in their home characteristics. Children at the immigrant learning center come from a relatively disadvantaged background and did not feel comfortable at home there. They had less access to learning resources and less positive learning interactions than children at the Thai early childhood development center. However, children at both centers were violent (slapping and shouting) when not in the care of adults. The study also found that their parents were not well educated. Therefore, further studies are recommended to elucidate the complex relationship between child development and children’s family’s background.