มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล การพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืน, SDG Mahidol, SDG

Mahidol University promotes its commitment to becoming a green university by emphasizing efficient water use and sustainable water management. This initiative aims to enhance the quality of life for staff and students within the university.

The Water and Mechanical Systems Unit, under the Utilities and Building Systems Division of the Physical and Environmental Division, is responsible for overseeing the water supply system, wastewater treatment system, surface water system, stormwater drainage system, fountain system, fire protection system, aeration turbines, mechanical aerators, and other mechanical systems. The unit also handles the design and improvement of plumbing, sanitation, air conditioning, and ventilation systems.

To ensure continuous water supply and reduce water loss, the Water and Mechanical Systems Unit has conducted surveys and implemented various projects to improve the university’s water management system. These efforts also support the transition toward digitalization and align with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6: Clean Water and Sanitation — ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

6.2 Water consumption per person

6.2.1 Water consumption tracking

Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, receives its water supply from the Provincial Waterworks Authority. The campus has implemented a Ring Loop Pipe System to distribute water throughout all areas of the university. This system helps balance and stabilize water pressure across the network and allows for sectional control of water flow. In cases where maintenance or repairs are required in certain areas, water can still be supplied to other parts of the campus without interruption.

In addition, the university has installed 90 digital water meters covering all departments and facilities within the Salaya Campus. These meters enable real-time monitoring and tracking of water consumption through an online system. The system provides accurate data and can issue alerts when abnormal water usage is detected, allowing staff to respond promptly to potential issues. This digital monitoring approach enhances efficiency in water management and supports sustainable water use across the campus.

With these 90 digital water meters, Mahidol University also monitors and collects water usage data on both a monthly and annual basis, enabling continuous evaluation and improvement of water management efficiency.

6.2.2 Water consumption per person

6.2.2 Water consumption per person	18.47
Volume of water used in the university: Inbound (treated/extracted water)	1,273,525
Campus population	68,963

6.3 Water usage and care

6.3.1 Wastewater treatment

Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, was established in 1980. At that time, the number of staff and students was relatively small, so the university used a stabilization pond system for wastewater treatment. As the campus expanded rapidly, with more than 80 buildings—including classrooms, dormitories, condominiums, and cafeterias—and a population exceeding 30,000 people, the stabilization pond system could no longer handle the increasing volume of wastewater. This led to wastewater overflow and contamination of surface water sources.

To address this issue, the university constructed an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment System in 2012, with a treatment capacity of 3,000 cubic meters per day. The system collects wastewater from 17 units, including:

College of Sports Science and Technology
Student Dormitories, Division of Student Affairs
Mahidol University Learning Center
Faculty of Engineering
Mahidol University International College
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Faculty of Science
Graduate School
Faculty of Information and Communication Technology
Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center
Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies
Institute of Nutrition
ASEAN Institute for Health Development
Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia
Institute for Innovative Learning
Institute of Molecular Biosciences
Mahidol Biopharmaceutical Innovation Building

Other newly constructed buildings have their own individual wastewater treatment systems. The Division of Physical and Environmental Affairs regularly monitors and inspects surface water quality on a monthly basis to maintain a clean and pleasant campus environment.

Mahidol University ensures that all wastewater management practices comply with the legal standards set by the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, to promote environmental sustainability and the well-being of staff and students.

The university conducts monthly monitoring and inspection of treated wastewater quality. The treated water must meet the standards specified by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment under the Notification on Effluent Standards for Certain Types and Sizes of Buildings (Type A), as follows:

Parameter (Measurement Item)	Standard Limit	Monitoring Result
ความเป็นกรด-ด่าง (pH)	5-9	✔
บีโอดี (BOD)	< 20 มก./ล.	✔
สารแขวนลอย (Suspended Solid)	< 30 มก./ล	✔
สารที่ละลายได้ทั้งหมด (Total Dissolved Solid)	< 500 มก./ล	✔
ซัลไฟด์ (Sulfide)	< 1.0 มก./ล.	✔
ทีเคเอ็น (TKN)	< 35 มก./ล.	✔
น้ำมันและไขมัน (FOG)	< 20 มก./ล.	✔
ตะกอนหนัก (Settleable solids)	< 0.5 มก./ล.	✔

All monitoring results indicate that the treated wastewater consistently meets the required environmental standards.

Since 2014, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, has operated a central wastewater treatment system within the university. The quality of treated wastewater is monitored and analyzed monthly at the Environmental Clinic, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University. The treated water must comply with the standards specified in the Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on Effluent Standards for Certain Types and Sizes of Buildings (Type A).

Mahidol University prepares a monthly summary report on the performance and control of the wastewater treatment system. This report includes monitoring data, analysis results, and evaluations to ensure that the treated water consistently meets the effluent standards set by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

6.3.2 Preventing water system pollution

Measures to Promote Efficient Use and Management of Water Resources

Mahidol University has adopted a policy to promote itself as an Eco-University in pursuit of Sustainable Development. To raise awareness and encourage participation among the Mahidol community in reducing tap water consumption and managing wastewater in compliance with standards, the university has implemented the following measures to promote water conservation:

Control of wastewater quality standards from buildings within the university.
The parameters include pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Suspended Solids, Sulfide, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Settleable Solids, Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG), and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), in accordance with the Mahidol University Water Management Measures B.E. 2563 (2020).
Monthly analysis of wastewater quality before and after treatment to ensure compliance with effluent quality standards.
Reduction or avoidance of chemical use, including fertilizers and pesticides, to prevent chemical runoff into campus waterways.
Prohibition of wastewater discharge into surface water sources within the university.
In cases of violation, wastewater treatment fees and penalties will be imposed on the responsible units.
Promotion of water-saving behavior among students and staff to encourage efficient and responsible water use.
Encouragement for all university units to use high-efficiency water-saving equipment and to procure materials and products that promote water conservation and environmental sustainability.
Currently, 71.8% of restroom fixtures—including faucets, washbasin taps, toilets, and urinals—have been replaced with water-efficient models, totaling 9,052 out of 12,607 fixtures across the campus.
Promotion of treated wastewater reuse for beneficial purposes such as car washing and landscape irrigation.
Regular inspection and immediate repair of water leaks or pipe damage.
The university employs a digital water supply monitoring system to track water usage at various points and monitor the operational status of water meters. Authorized staff can access real-time data through an online platform. If irregularities such as leaks or pipe bursts are detected, the system immediately issues an alert, enabling staff to promptly investigate and repair the issue.
Implementation of water use measures based on necessity to prepare for potential crises and future drought conditions.

6.3.3 Free drinking water provided

Automatic Drinking Water Dispenser Installation Project at Common Areas, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus

This project aims to promote awareness among staff and students about the value of using resources efficiently and sustainably. It encourages behavioral change by reducing the use of single-use plastic containers through the practice of carrying personal cups or water bottles. The initiative also fosters an environmentally friendly atmosphere by encouraging the Mahidol community to refill their personal containers from automatic drinking water dispensers. This helps reduce plastic bottle waste from purchased bottled water and minimizes physical contact, thereby lowering the risk of communicable diseases. Additionally, it ensures that students and staff have access to clean, hygienic drinking water.

The dispensers use a UF+UV filtration system, which effectively removes bacteria and microorganisms while retaining essential minerals. The water filters are certified by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) for drinking water quality standards.

A total of 23 dispensers have been installed across the campus, including in academic buildings, offices, libraries, food centers, student dormitories, fitness areas, and other common spaces. This initiative ensures that students, staff, and the general public have convenient access to safe and high-quality drinking water, supporting Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6): Clean Water and Sanitation.

Volume of Drinking Water Dispensed from Automatic Water Dispensers in 2024

6.3.4 Water-conscious building standards

Green Buildings

Mahidol University has established a policy for building renovation and construction that promotes energy-efficient design and effective resource utilization to achieve maximum benefits with minimal environmental impact. The policy also encourages the development of green spaces around and within buildings to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect human health, and enhance the productivity and well-being of building occupants.

In line with the green building design concept, the university emphasizes water resource conservation as follows:

Reducing the consumption of raw water helps address potential water shortages in the future. Mahidol University therefore supports and promotes water-efficient building design by selecting sanitary fixtures and equipment such as low-flow toilets, faucets, and showerheads, or products with green labels.

The university also promotes the reuse of recycled water from treated wastewater for non-potable purposes, such as toilet flushing and landscape irrigation. Recycled water is also stored together with rainwater to replace tap water for watering plants during the dry season.

For green space management, the university prioritizes the use of native plant species that are well-suited to the local climate, require minimal water, are easy to maintain, and are resilient to weather conditions—thereby reducing water consumption.

Additionally, sub-water meters are installed to systematically and efficiently manage water usage in different areas. The university also implements policies and awareness campaigns to educate building users on water conservation and the importance of using water efficiently.

water resource conservation

Mahidol University has adopted the use of high water-efficiency equipment and prioritizes the procurement of materials and devices designed for water conservation or those with environmentally friendly and water-saving policies. Currently, the university has replaced restroom fixtures — including faucets, washbasin taps, toilets, and urinals — with water-saving or high-efficiency models. As of now, 71.8% of these replacements have been completed.

Energy and resource conservation

Mahidol University selects energy-efficient equipment, such as computers, printers, light bulbs, and air conditioners, which consume less electricity or operate with high efficiency. Currently, 85.6% of the equipment in use is energy-efficient.

6.3.5 Water-conscious planting

Our University practices water-conscious planting by incorporating drought-tolerant and native plant species across its landscape to minimize water usage, reduce maintenance, and promote long-term environmental sustainability.

Mahidol University, Salaya campus, integrates water-conscious landscaping as part of its sustainable environmental management. Approximately 40% of the campus area is covered with green spaces that feature native and drought-tolerant plant species. These plants require minimal maintenance and water, thanks to their specialized anatomical adaptations that reduce water loss. The university also employs an integrated surface water management system that collects rainwater and treated water through campus canals for irrigation.

Examples of drought-tolerant plants cultivated on campus include

Casuarina junghuhniana (ironwood)

Cassia fistula (golden shower tree)

Dolichandrone rpathacea (kanaphan tree)

which enhance both aesthetics and ecological balance.

Additionally, ground cover plants such as Wedelia trilobata (Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch.) are used to retain soil moisture, prevent erosion, and reduce maintenance needs. By replacing grass areas with these ground covers, the university conserves water, lowers maintenance frequency, and strengthens soil stability. This initiative reflects Mahidol University’s commitment to sustainable landscaping and effective water resource conservation amidst climate change and increasing drought challenges.

Mahidol University has transformed sloped areas along its perimeter by replacing grass with Wedelia trilobata, a fast-growing ground cover plant, to enhance soil moisture, reduce maintenance frequency, and prevent erosion. Over 2,000 seedlings were cultivated and planted along the western embankment adjacent to open spaces. This initiative reflects the university’s response to climate change and increasing drought conditions, emphasizing the use of drought-tolerant plants as an effective strategy for water conservation, cost reduction, and sustainable landscape management while maintaining campus aesthetics.

References

การปลูกพืชทนแล้งในศาลายา

6.4 Water reuse

6.4.1 Water re-use policy

Mahidol Sustainable Water Management: Integrating Water Re-use Policy and Smart Monitoring for Pollution Prevention and Resource Efficiency

Mahidol University Water Management Policy 2025 (6.4.1)

Mahidol University has implemented the Mahidol University Sustainability Action in alignment with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a particular emphasis on Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. The university is committed to sustainable water management through the efficient use of water resources, effective wastewater treatment and reuse, conservation of natural water sources, and the reduction of environmental impacts.

To ensure compliance with national standards and legal frameworks—such as the National Environmental Quality Promotion and Conservation Act B.E. 2535 (1992) and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment’s Announcement on Wastewater Discharge Standards B.E. 2567 (2024)—Mahidol University, classified as a Category A institution, has established clear strategies and operational guidelines for water management.

Mahidol University Announcement on Mahidol University Water Management Policy 2025

Mahidol University recognizes the importance of efficient water resource management as part of its sustainability commitment under the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. To promote efficient water use, reduce energy consumption in water production, and ensure wastewater meets environmental standards, the university has implemented the Mahidol University Water Management Policy 2025. This policy aims to prevent water pollution, mitigate global warming, and encourage responsible water use across all campuses.

Pursuant to the authority under Section 34 (1) of the Mahidol University Act B.E. 2550, the President hereby issues this policy, which replaces the 2020 and 2021 announcements on water management and water diversity conservation.

The policy applies to all university units, including faculties, campuses, administrative offices, and affiliated institutions, as well as all personnel and students. Mahidol University is classified as a Type A institution , meaning it operates buildings with a combined usable floor area of over 25,000 square meters, thus requiring compliance with wastewater discharge standards under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment’s 2024 regulations.

The Water Management Policy outlines three main areas of action:

Efficient Water Use and Tap Water Reduction
Each department must set annual water-saving goals, raise awareness among staff and students, and implement campaigns promoting water conservation. Departments are required to use high-efficiency water fixtures (e.g., sensor faucets, low-flow showerheads, and water-saving urinals), inspect and repair water systems regularly to prevent leaks, and implement measures to prepare for drought or water shortages. Irrigation in green spaces must employ efficient systems such as drip irrigation and be scheduled during low-evaporation periods (morning or evening).
Wastewater Management and Pollution Control
Departments must ensure wastewater discharge meets legal standards — including limits on pH, BOD, TSS, TDS, sulfide, TKN, and oil and grease levels. Units operating wastewater treatment systems are required to monitor and report water quality monthly to the Physical and Environmental Division. The discharge of untreated wastewater into campus surface water sources is strictly prohibited, with violators subject to treatment fees and fines.
Water Reuse and Pollution Prevention
Departments are encouraged to maximize the reuse of treated wastewater for purposes such as irrigation, outdoor cleaning, and canal replenishment. The use of canal or treated water should be prioritized over tap water for maintaining green areas. To protect natural water sources, all departments must minimize or avoid the use of chemicals, fertilizers, and pesticides that could contaminate university waterways.

Through this policy, Mahidol University reaffirms its commitment to sustainable water management, resource efficiency, and environmental stewardship across all operations.

Mahidol University reflects its commitment to responsible water resource management, encompassing the dimensions of policy planning, operational implementation, and awareness creation among personnel and students, as follows

Mahidol University Water Management and Conservation Framework (2025)

1. Targeting and Awareness Building (Policy & Outreach)

Mahidol University promotes behavioral change and active participation in water conservation through clear policy direction and awareness campaigns.

Departments set and communicate yearly water-saving targets to encourage effective participation among staff and students.
Regular awareness and conservation campaigns are conducted to foster a culture of responsible water use university-wide.

2. Operational Stewardship and Infrastructure Investment

The university prioritizes investment in water-efficient technologies and proactive infrastructure maintenance to minimize water loss. All departments are required to use high-efficiency equipment—such as sensor faucets, shower heads, and water-saving urinals—and to select environmentally friendly materials.

year	Total number of devices	Number of water-saving devices	Proportion of water-saving devices (%)
2024	12,607	9,052	71.80
2025	13,664	10,518	76.98

Mahidol University’s Salaya Campus uses a ring loop water distribution system from the Provincial Waterworks Authority to ensure pressure stability and uninterrupted supply during maintenance.

Additionally, 90 digital water meters have been installed across the campus to monitor usage in real time, detect anomalies, and support timely maintenance to prevent leaks or pipe bursts.

3. Crisis Preparedness and Green Space Management

Mahidol University has established measures for water use during crises and droughts, ensuring that only essential water consumption occurs. For green spaces, the university implements efficient irrigation systems—such as drip irrigation—and schedules watering in the early morning or late evening to minimize evaporation. Recycled water and canal water are prioritized over tap water to maintain landscaping and reduce reliance on municipal sources.

4. Wastewater Management and Pollution Prevention

To address wastewater challenges from over 30,000 staff and students and more than 80 buildings, the university constructed an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment System in 2012 with a capacity of 3,000 cubic meters per day. This system ensures that treated wastewater meets Type A standards set by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Monthly water quality testing is conducted, and treated water must comply with discharge standards to prevent contamination of on-campus surface water sources. The system’s performance and compliance are regularly reported and publicly available online.

Parameter	Standards Set
Acidity and alkalinity (pH)	5.5 – 9.0
BOD	≤20 mg/L
Total Suspended Solids	≤30 mg/L
Total Dissolved Solids	≤1,000 mg/L
Sulfide	≤1.0 mg/L
TKN	≤35 mg/L
Fats, Oil and Grease (FOG)	≤20 mg/L

5. Water Reuse and Sustainable Resource Utilization

Mahidol University actively promotes the reuse of treated wastewater to reduce tap water consumption. The campus produces approximately 1,000 cubic meters of recycled water daily, distributed through a dedicated pipeline system to various facilities for activities such as watering plants, cleaning machinery, and washing vehicles. Since implementation, over 57,735 cubic meters of tap water have been conserved, reducing carbon emissions by 31.23 tons of CO₂ equivalent. The initiative directly supports SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Furthermore, the university minimizes the use of chemicals and fertilizers to prevent runoff pollution in canals and encourages departments to use alternative water sources like canals and ditches for maintaining green areas.

References

Mahidol Sustainable Water Management: Integrating Water Re-use Policy and Smart Monitoring for Pollution Prevention and Resource Efficiency

6.4.2 Water re-use measurement

Mahidol University, as an institutional body, measures and manages water reuse across the entire university under its Sustainable Water Management Policy. The initiative emphasizes the integration of water re-use systems and smart monitoring technologies to ensure pollution prevention and efficient resource utilization.

This approach supports the University’s commitment to sustainability by:

Implementing smart water monitoring systems to track water quality and usage in real time.
Promoting water recycling and reuse within campus operations, laboratories, and green spaces.
Reducing freshwater consumption through closed-loop systems and treated wastewater reuse.
Preventing water pollution by maintaining strict control over discharge quality and treatment processes.

Through these measures, Mahidol University advances its goal of achieving efficient, safe, and sustainable water resource management, aligning with national environmental policies and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Mahidol University recognizes the water resource crisis and the threats posed by climate change. The University has therefore implemented the Mahidol University Water Management Policy to drive progress toward SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, through proactive strategies focused on water use reduction, quality control, and resource circulation for sustainable water management.

Mahidol University advances its Sustainability Action in alignment with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with particular emphasis on Goal 6: Sustainable Water and Sanitation Management. The University is committed to sustainable water management through efficient water use, treatment, and water reuse, as well as the conservation of natural water sources and the reduction of environmental impacts.

To achieve these goals, the University has established strategies to promote efficient water resource utilization and wastewater management that ensures effluent quality meets the standards required by relevant laws and regulations—particularly the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (1992) and the Ministerial Regulation of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on Effluent Discharge Standards for Certain Types and Sizes of Buildings B.E. 2567 (2024), under which Mahidol University is classified as a Type A building.

For maximum effectiveness, the University encourages all staff and students to actively and continuously engage in responsible water use. Accordingly, Mahidol University has issued the Mahidol University Announcement on the Water Management Policy B.E. 2568 (2025) as follows.

The University has established the Mahidol University Water Management Policy to advance the Mahidol University Sustainability Action in alignment with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. The policy emphasizes efficient water use, wastewater treatment and reuse, conservation of natural water sources, and reduction of environmental impacts, as follows:

Efficient Water Use and Reduction of Tap Water Consumption

Set annual water-saving targets and communicate them clearly to all staff and students to ensure proper understanding and implementation.
Conduct campaigns and activities to raise awareness and encourage behavioral change among staff and students toward water conservation, including the dissemination of water-saving innovations.
Require all departments to use high-efficiency water fixtures and procure materials or products that promote environmental protection and water conservation, such as sensor faucets, water-saving showerheads, and urinals.
Regularly inspect water pipes and meters to prevent water loss from leaks. Any detected leaks or pipe damage must be repaired immediately.
Implement water-use measures based on necessity, especially during crises or droughts, by limiting water use to essential needs.
Manage irrigation for green areas efficiently by using effective systems such as drip irrigation and watering plants during early morning or evening hours to minimize evaporation.

Wastewater Management and Treatment

All departments are responsible for managing and treating wastewater in compliance with legal standards to prevent water pollution and promote efficient resource use, as follows:

Wastewater discharged from university buildings must meet the following control standards:

pH: 5.5–9.0
BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand): ≤ 20 mg/L
Total Suspended Solids (TSS): ≤ 30 mg/L
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): ≤ 1,000 mg/L
Sulfide: ≤ 1.0 mg/L
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN): ≤ 35 mg/L
Fats, Oil, and Grease (FOG): ≤ 20 mg/L

Departments with wastewater treatment systems must:

Operate and maintain the systems efficiently.
Analyze water quality before and after treatment to ensure compliance with the Ministerial Regulation on Effluent Discharge Standards for Certain Types and Sizes of Buildings B.E. 2567 (2024), under which Mahidol University is classified as a Type A building.
Submit monthly water quality analysis reports to the Division of Physical Systems and Environment.

Departments are prohibited from discharging wastewater into surface water sources within the University. In cases of violation, Mahidol University will impose wastewater treatment fees and penalties according to the established service rates and pollution control measures.

Promotion of Water Reuse and Pollution Prevention

Encourage and require departments to study the feasibility of and implement water reuse by reusing treated wastewater that meets quality standards to maximize benefits and reduce tap water consumption—particularly for watering plants, cleaning outdoor areas, and replenishing campus canals.
Require departments to use water from campus canals and/or treated water that meets standards as the primary source for maintaining green areas.
Reduce or avoid the use of chemicals, fertilizers, and pesticides to prevent chemical runoff into campus canals and waterways.

Promotion of Water Reuse and Pollution Prevention

Mahidol University recognizes that sustainable water management is not limited to reducing consumption but also focuses on maximizing the reuse of resources (Maximize Water Reuse) and protecting the University’s natural water sources.

Driving the Policy on Maximizing Water Reuse
The University promotes and requires all departments to study the feasibility of and implement the reuse of treated wastewater that meets quality standards to achieve maximum benefit (Maximize Water Reuse) as a substitute for tap water. This is particularly applied to activities that do not require high-quality water, such as watering plants and cleaning outdoor areas.

Mahidol University operates an Activated Sludge wastewater treatment system, constructed in 2012, with a capacity to produce approximately 1,000 cubic meters of recycled water per day. In 2019, the University launched a recycled water pipeline project, in which treated water is disinfected with bio-chlorine in the final stage before being distributed to various units, including the Wastewater Treatment Plant, Bus Parking Area, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National Institute for Child and Family Development, and the National Laboratory Animal Center. The recycled water is used for watering plants, cleaning machinery and equipment, washing horse stables, animal cages, and buses.

Over nearly six years, the use of recycled water has saved approximately 57,735 cubic meters of tap water and reduced 31.23 tons of CO₂ equivalent from the carbon footprint associated with tap water production. This initiative supports:

SDG 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns through waste reduction via reuse and recycling.
SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from water production.

Use of Alternative Water Sources for Green Area Maintenance
The University minimizes the use of tap water for maintaining large green areas by encouraging departments to utilize sustainable alternative water sources, including canal water and/or treated water that meets quality standards.

Water Pollution Prevention
To preserve the quality of surface water sources (canals) within the University—which form part of the campus ecosystem and serve as alternative water sources—Mahidol University implements pollution prevention measures at the source. Departments are required to reduce or avoid the use of chemicals, fertilizers, and pesticides to prevent chemical runoff into the University’s canals and waterways.

Volume of Recycled Water at Mahidol University, Salaya Campus (2019–2024)

Monthly Volume of Recycled Water at Salaya Campus, Fiscal Year 2024

Reference

Mahidol Sustainable Water Management: Integrating Water Re-use Policy and Smart Monitoring for Pollution Prevention and Resource Efficiency

6.5 Water in the community

6.5.1 Water management educational opportunities

Mahidol University provides both free and paid educational opportunities for local communities to learn about effective water management , promoting awareness and practical knowledge in sustainable water use and conservation practices.

Bueng Boraphet Wetland Water Management Project

Mahidol University’s Nakhon Sawan Campus has played a key role in promoting sustainable water resource management in Bueng Boraphet, Thailand’s largest freshwater wetland and a site of international ecological importance. Despite its rich biodiversity, Bueng Boraphet has faced persistent challenges, including unclear land boundaries, competing water demands, environmental degradation, and community conflicts arising from limited water supply for agriculture, fisheries, and domestic use. To address these issues, the Bueng Boraphet Research and Training Center was established to provide academic research, data collection, and policy recommendations that support sustainable water use and community participation. From 2013 to 2022, the center collaborated with local water user organizations across nine sub-districts to manage droughts, improve water allocation, and balance agricultural and ecological needs. Supported by Mahidol University’s Social Policy Driving Project (2022–2024), a participatory water management system was developed, emphasizing cooperation, data-driven decision-making, and democratic engagement. This initiative has strengthened community networks, enhanced local capacity, and serves as a model for inclusive, sustainable water resource governance in Thailand.

From 2022 to 2025, Mahidol University’s Bueng Boraphet Wetland Water Management Project has made significant progress in developing a collaborative, data-driven, and participatory approach to sustainable water management. In 2022, the project focused on building the water management system by collecting and analyzing spatial and usage data, engaging government agencies, local communities, and educational institutions, and establishing the Bueng Boraphet Smart System for data access. This groundwork led to the creation of a shared water management model and the registration of five local water user organizations to promote cooperation and reduce conflict.

During the 2023–2024 implementation phase, the project expanded participation through training, youth engagement, and the creation of the Bueng Boraphet Data Center and learning materials. As a result, nine subdistricts and over 3,700 individuals registered their water use needs, covering 5,011 plots (69,871 rai), while conflict levels among users dropped to zero. The project also launched a Water Image Downloader system to utilize satellite imagery for monitoring and planning, and more than 200 people have visited the learning center. Recognized and certified by the Nakhon Sawan Bueng Boraphet Management Committee. The system has become a model for participatory governance.

Looking ahead to 2024–2025, the initiative aims to strengthen local livelihoods through eco-friendly farming practices such as alternate wet–dry rice cultivation and the use of aquatic weed-based fertilizer to boost income and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This inclusive, research-based, and democratic approach—endorsed at the policy level—earned the project a “Very Good” Award in the 2024 Democracy Innovation Contest (Community and Organization category) and is now considered a model for sustainable and cooperative water management across Thailand.

Reference

การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด

6.5.3 Off-campus water conservation support

Mahidol University actively supports off-campus water conservation initiatives through community collaborations, educational outreach, and sustainable water management projects that promote efficient water use and environmental stewardship beyond the university grounds.

Check dam helps to preserve the soil, increase soil moisture, and bring benefits to the surrounding community and the environment.

Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, situated on sloped terrain in Sai Yok District, previously faced severe soil erosion caused by heavy rainfall and flooding. To address this, the campus collaborated with Siam Cement Group Packaging (SCGP) Wang Sa La factory in 2010 to study soil degradation and implement effective solutions. The project led to the construction of 427 natural check dams made from bamboo, wood, and stones to slow water flow, reduce erosion, and enhance soil moisture rather than store water. Supported by SCGP, further research by Mahidol University examined ecosystem recovery, forest undergrowth, and water resource improvement for wildlife. This long-term initiative has successfully mitigated erosion, restored local ecosystems, and reduced environmental impacts on surrounding communities.

Since the construction of the check dams, annual flooding in Sai Yok District has significantly decreased, alleviating community impacts. Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus continues annual maintenance to ensure the dams’ long-term stability and environmental sustainability. Research led by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thamarat Putthai from the Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources revealed that the previously rocky forest area now retains higher soil moisture and experiences less erosion due to the dams’ effectiveness in slowing water flow. Camera trap evidence also indicates the return of diverse wildlife, including endangered species such as the Siamese jackal, clouded leopard, and leopard cat, reflecting the ecological recovery and biodiversity enhancement within the check dam area.

Reference

สร้างฝายชะลอน้ำ (CHECK DAM) แล้วได้ประโยชน์อย่างไร

6.5.4 Sustainable water extraction on campus

Mahidol University implements **sustainable water extraction practices** on its campuses by utilizing environmentally responsible technologies to manage and extract water from natural sources such as aquifers and surface water, ensuring minimal ecological impact and long-term resource sustainability.

Clean Water and Sustainable Water Management: A Case Study of Kanchanaburi Campus’’s Water Supply System

Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus has developed a comprehensive and sustainable water supply system to ensure access to clean water for both the campus and surrounding communities. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, the system meets the standards of the Regional Water Supply Authority and the World Health Organization (WHO). Through a cooperation agreement with local authorities, the campus established a community water management committee and provides clean water services to residents in Lumsum Sub-district, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province. This initiative demonstrates Mahidol University’s commitment to sustainable resource management and its leadership in promoting equitable access to safe water while fostering environmentally responsible community development.

Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus has established partnerships with local communities to enhance access to clean and affordable water for domestic use. The university signed a water supply service agreement with the Lumsum Subdistrict Administrative Organization , Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, to provide piped water from the campus to approximately 800 households in Villages 2 and 9 at a subsidized rate, promoting good hygiene and sustainable community well-being. Additionally, the campus entered into an agreement with Wat Triratnararam to reduce water costs by half, facilitating affordable and sustainable water access. The university also supplies clean water to Ban Khao Sam Chan School and Wat Triratnararam Charity School , reflecting its strong commitment to community support, sustainable water management, and public health development.

Reference

ระบบผลิตน้ำประปา วิทยาเขตกาญจนบุรี

6.5.5 Cooperation on water security

Mahidol University actively cooperates with local communities to promote water security through research-driven and community-based initiatives. At the Nakhon Sawan Campus, the university leads the Bueng Boraphet Wetland Water Management Project , working collaboratively with government agencies, local administrations, and water user organizations across nine sub-districts to enhance sustainable water governance.

Reference

การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด

6.5.6 Promoting conscious water usage on campus

Mahidol University Actively Promotes Conscious Water Usage on Campus

Mahidol University demonstrates its strong commitment to responsible water resource management through comprehensive efforts that encompass policy planning, operational implementation, and awareness building among staff and students, as follows:

1. Policy & Outreach

The University has established clear guidelines to drive behavioral change and active participation among staff and students:

Policy Target Setting: Each department is required to set annual tap water reduction targets.
Communication and Awareness: These targets are communicated to ensure that all staff and students understand and can implement proper water-saving practices. The University also conducts campaigns, public relations activities, and awareness programs to encourage behavioral change toward efficient and responsible water use.

2. Stewardship & Infrastructure

Mahidol University emphasizes investment in high-efficiency equipment and proactive maintenance to permanently reduce water loss.

Procurement of High-Efficiency Equipment: All departments are required to use water-efficient fixtures and procure environmentally friendly and water-saving products. Examples include sensor faucets, water-saving showerheads, and urinals.
Currently, the University has replaced restroom fixtures—such as faucets, washbasin taps, toilets, and urinals—with water-efficient models.

Year	Total Number of Fixtures	Number of Water-Efficient Fixtures	Proportion of Water-Efficient Fixtures (Percentage)
2024	12,607	9,052	71.80
2025	13,664	10,518	76.98

Reducing Water Loss from Leaks (Non-Revenue Water)

Mahidol University Salaya Campus sources its tap water from the Provincial Waterworks Authority and has installed a Ring Loop Pipe System to cover all campus areas. This system helps distribute water pressure evenly, stabilize supply, and allows for sectional control—enabling maintenance or repairs in one area without disrupting water supply to others.

Additionally, the University has installed 90 digital water meters across all departments at Salaya Campus to monitor and record water usage data through an online system. This precise monitoring system can issue alerts in case of abnormal water consumption. Regular inspections and maintenance of water pipes and meters are conducted to minimize water loss from leaks. Immediate repairs are carried out upon detection of leaks or pipe damage, allowing staff to respond quickly and manage water use efficiently across the campus.

Reference

Mahidol Sustainable Water Management: Integrating Water Re-use Policy and Smart Monitoring for Pollution Prevention and Resource Efficiency

6.5.7 Promoting conscious water usage in the wider community

Mahidol University actively promotes conscious water usage within the wider community through education, outreach, and collaborative initiatives—extending beyond the Bueng Boraphet Wetland Water Management Project —to raise awareness of sustainable water practices and encourage responsible water consumption.

Reference

การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด