Mahidol University is dedicated to advancing sustainability and plays a leading role in conserving marine ecosystems while promoting the responsible use of marine resources. Through innovative research, the University has developed single-cell algae technology to produce double-stranded RNA for sustainable shrimp disease control, in collaboration with BIOTEC. This breakthrough, using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, helps prevent viral outbreaks in shrimp populations, mitigating economic losses in the aquaculture industry.

The University also engages in wetland management at Bueng Boraphet, fostering biodiversity and supporting aquatic animal conservation, while its human–crocodile coexistence project has created a new model for eco-cultural tourism. Over 36% of the Mahidol University campus is covered by forests and waterways, including canals that provide habitats for more than 54 aquatic plant species. Environmental initiatives such as the MUIC–EU canal cleaning campaign and beach cleanups at Koh Sak further demonstrate the University’s commitment to protecting water ecosystems.

Additionally, researchers from the Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, in collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and other partners, are addressing coastal erosion and promoting sustainable coastal management to improve the quality of life in marine-dependent communities. Together, these initiatives reinforce Mahidol University’s leadership in marine conservation, ecosystem restoration, and sustainable development.

14.2 Supporting aquatic ecosystems through education

14.2.1 Fresh-water ecosystems (community outreach)

Mahidol University consistently offers educational programs and outreach initiatives for local and national communities focused on the sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, promoting responsible resource use and long-term environmental stewardship.

One of the top initiative is the Bueng Boraphet Wetland Water Management Project

Mahidol University’s Nakhon Sawan Campus has played a key role in promoting sustainable water resource management in Bueng Boraphet, Thailand’s largest freshwater wetland and a site of international ecological importance. Despite its rich biodiversity, Bueng Boraphet has faced persistent challenges, including unclear land boundaries, competing water demands, environmental degradation, and community conflicts arising from limited water supply for agriculture, fisheries, and domestic use. To address these issues, the Bueng Boraphet Research and Training Center was established to provide academic research, data collection, and policy recommendations that support sustainable water use and community participation. From 2013 to 2022, the center collaborated with local water user organizations across nine sub-districts to manage droughts, improve water allocation, and balance agricultural and ecological needs. Supported by Mahidol University’s Social Policy Driving Project (2022–2024), a participatory water management system was developed, emphasizing cooperation, data-driven decision-making, and democratic engagement. This initiative has strengthened community networks, enhanced local capacity, and serves as a model for inclusive, sustainable water resource governance in Thailand.

From 2022 to 2025, Mahidol University’s Bueng Boraphet Wetland Water Management Project has made significant progress in developing a collaborative, data-driven, and participatory approach to sustainable water management. In 2022, the project focused on building the water management system by collecting and analyzing spatial and usage data, engaging government agencies, local communities, and educational institutions, and establishing the Bueng Boraphet Smart System for data access. This groundwork led to the creation of a shared water management model and the registration of five local water user organizations to promote cooperation and reduce conflict.

During the 2023–2024 implementation phase, the project expanded participation through training, youth engagement, and the creation of the Bueng Boraphet Data Center and learning materials. As a result, nine subdistricts and over 3,700 individuals registered their water use needs, covering 5,011 plots (69,871 rai), while conflict levels among users dropped to zero. The project also launched a Water Image Downloader system to utilize satellite imagery for monitoring and planning, and more than 200 people have visited the learning center. Recognized and certified by the Nakhon Sawan Bueng Boraphet Management Committee. The system has become a model for participatory governance.

Looking ahead to 2024–2025, the initiative aims to strengthen local livelihoods through eco-friendly farming practices such as alternate wet–dry rice cultivation and the use of aquatic weed-based fertilizer to boost income and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This inclusive, research-based, and democratic approach—endorsed at the policy level—earned the project a “Very Good” Award in the 2024 Democracy Innovation Contest (Community and Organization category) and is now considered a model for sustainable and cooperative water management across Thailand.

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP): Application at the Local Level

MSP research will drive the implementation of marine spatial planning in a concrete and effective manner. It will also support balanced and sustainable management of marine resource use in Thai waters over the long term.

Objectives

To collect and review knowledge and understanding related to MSP at both international and national levels in order to obtain an overview of existing knowledge, current implementation status, driving forces, and key success factors. The findings will be used to develop recommendations and guidelines for advancing MSP in Thailand.

• Implementation

1. Systematic collection of international knowledge and experiences
2. Compilation of national knowledge (Grey Literature Review), including relevant commitments, policies, and legal frameworks
3. Knowledge exchange with stakeholders involved in the use of Thailand’s marine and coastal areas
4. Development of recommendations and guidelines for advancing marine spatial planning in Thailand

• Results of Implementation

1) Overview of MSP Knowledge:  A total of 1,825 research papers and academic articles related to Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) were found in the Scopus database between 2003 and 2022 (as of June 2022). These were published in leading international journals focusing on marine policy and coastal and ocean management. The number of publications has shown a steady increase each year, with the majority of authors affiliated with European institutions (60%). Most of the publications were academic articles (77%). For Thailand, only one academic article related to MSP was found in international databases during the same period. At the national level, research related to MSP between 2003 and 2022 remains limited.

2) Status, Development, and Driving Forces of MSP:  Globally, MSP development follows a six-phase process encompassing ten steps (Ehler and Douvere, 2009). The concept originated from the restoration and conservation of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia in 1975, which is currently in the plan revision phase (Phase 6). China initiated its marine zoning in 1989, and most of its projects are now in the monitoring, evaluation, and revision phases (Phases 5–6), similar to the United States and Canada, as well as various European applications. Supported by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO since 2006, small island nations such as Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Montserrat, along with several African countries, are now in the early stages (Phases 1–2) of developing and implementing MSP.

In Thailand, MSP implementation began through a pilot “Flagship Project” in fiscal year 2021, led by the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. The pilot areas include Koh Lan and Koh Sichang in Chonburi Province (Phase 2) and Phang Nga Bay (covering Phang Nga, Krabi, and Phuket Provinces) (Phase 1).

Seventeen key driving forces for MSP were identified globally. The top three are:

• Conservation concerns (21.2%)
• Economic growth concerns (18.4%)
• Conflicts among human uses (16.0%)

For Thailand, the top three driving forces are:

• Conservation concerns (28.9%)
• Conflicts among human uses (23.7%)
• Legal and policy obligations (23.7%)

3) Factors Contributing to MSP Success:
Countries that have successfully implemented MSP share several key success factors:

• Availability of sound, science-based data
• Development of efficient data management and processing systems
• Meaningful and continuous stakeholder participation
• Clear and strong institutional and legal frameworks

Countries in the early stages of MSP development, including Thailand, still face challenges such as:

• Limited data and analytical tools
• Unclear institutional responsibilities
• Limited capacity and understanding of MSP among officials
• Insufficient legal support and continuous funding
• Lack of concrete operational policies
• Weak inter-agency coordination

4) Recommendations for Advancing MSP in Thailand:
Seven key recommendations are proposed:

1. Establish clear and actionable policies
2. Define institutional roles and responsibilities clearly
3. Strengthen stakeholder capacity and engagement
4. Ensure financial sustainability and adequacy
5. Improve data accessibility and develop national-scale marine use mapping
6. Promote integration across sectors and agencies
7. Enhance the quality and inclusiveness of participatory processes

References

1. การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด
2. การวางแผนการใช้ประโยชน์พื้นที่ทางทะเล : การประยุกต์สู่การปฏิบัติในระดับพื้นที่

14.2.2 Sustainable fisheries (community outreach)

Mahidol University’s Bueng Boraphet Sustainable Water and Agriculture Management Project  represents a holistic model of community-based wetland conservation and sustainable resource governance. Anchored at the Bueng Boraphet Research and Training Center in Nakhon Sawan Campus, the initiative has engaged closely with local communities, fishery groups, and agricultural networks surrounding Thailand’s largest freshwater wetland—an area vital for both livelihoods and biodiversity. The project addresses long-standing issues such as water scarcity, overfishing, ecosystem degradation, and tourism-related pressures through data-driven participatory management. By integrating community knowledge with scientific research, Mahidol University has empowered local water user and fishery organizations across nine subdistricts to manage shared resources equitably. The creation of the Bueng Boraphet Smart System enables transparent access to environmental and water data, improving decision-making for agriculture, fisheries, and tourism management while ensuring the ecological health of this internationally important wetland.

Between 2022 and 2024, Mahidol University expanded its outreach by linking sustainable aquaculture and eco-tourism practices with water and agricultural management. Local fishery cooperatives were supported through training programs on eco-friendly fish farming, aquatic weed management, and sustainable harvesting techniques to balance productivity with wetland conservation. At the same time, community-based tourism initiatives—including guided wetland learning tours and birdwatching programs—were introduced to create alternative income sources while promoting environmental stewardship. In parallel, alternate wet–dry rice farming and organic fertilizer production from aquatic weeds were piloted to reduce methane emissions and enhance soil health, directly benefiting both farmers and wetland ecosystems. Two Bueng Boraphet Low Carbon Community Enterprise Groups were formed in Wang Mahakon and Phra Non Subdistricts, producing low-carbon rice and fertilizer products that showcase the connection between sustainable agriculture, healthy fisheries, and responsible tourism. The establishment of a prototype community learning center within the Bueng Boraphet Wildlife Sanctuary has since become a regional hub for visitors, students, and local organizations to learn about integrated wetland management.

Looking forward to 2025, Mahidol University aims to deepen collaboration with local and national stakeholders in fisheries, aquaculture, and eco-tourism sectors to ensure long-term sustainability of the Bueng Boraphet ecosystem. The university will continue to promote eco-friendly aquaculture techniques, expand the Bueng Boraphet Data Center for accessible research and education, and strengthen community-based tourism that highlights wetland conservation and biodiversity appreciation. The next phase of work will also scale up wet–dry rice cultivation by 800 rai per year, expand aquatic weed–based fertilizer production, and link community enterprises with broader national markets and sustainable tourism networks. Supported by government agencies, private companies such as SCG and Siam Kubota, and academic institutions including Kasetsart University, this 2025 action plan reflects Mahidol University’s enduring commitment to community empowerment, sustainable resource management, and climate resilience. By uniting science, local knowledge, and inclusive governance, the Bueng Boraphet initiative continues to serve as a national model for the sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture, and eco-tourism, fully aligned with Thailand’s Net Zero 2030 vision and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 6, 13, and 17).

References

1. การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด
2. โครงการการปรับวิถีการเกษตรในพื้นชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ดให้เป็นมิตรกับสิ่งแวดล้อม

14.2.3 Overfishing (community outreach)

• Summer Science Camp

Theme: SEE THE SEA: Discover the Ocean, Discover Yourself

In April 2025, the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, hosted the opening ceremony of the IPST Summer Science Camp for secondary-level IPST scholarship students under the theme “SEE THE SEA: Finding the Sea, Finding Yourself.”  The event, held at the Satang Mongkolsuk Building, welcomed students from across the country to explore the connections between science, the ocean, and self-discovery. Organized by the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST) in collaboration with IPST University Centers and Center Schools, the camp aims to enhance students’ knowledge and hands-on experience in science, mathematics, and technology , while nurturing scientific thinking, creativity, and an understanding of the role of science in national development. The opening ceremony featured welcoming remarks by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Prasit Suwannalert, Dean of the Faculty of Science, and an inspiring  keynote lecture, “Sea Beast: Amazing Animals and the Sea,”  delivered by Asst. Prof. Dr. Watcharapong Hongjamrassin from Chulalongkorn University, who introduced participants to the wonders of marine biodiversity.

Following the ceremony, students engaged in a series of interactive activities designed to promote collaboration, scientific inquiry, and creativity. These included team-building sessions, workshops, and field experiences that allowed participants to apply classroom knowledge to real-world environmental and marine science contexts. From April 29 to May 3, 2025, the camp continued in Rayong Province, offering practical, hands-on learning experiences in marine ecosystems under the guidance of faculty and senior mentors. Beyond academic enrichment, the camp fostered networking among students, scholars, and IPST alumni, strengthening a national community of young scientists dedicated to advancing sustainability and innovation in Thailand.

Reference

1. ค่ายวิทยาศาสตร์ ภาคฤดูร้อน ในหัวข้อ “SEE THE SEA : ค้นหาทะเล ค้นหาตัวตน

14.3 Supporting aquatic ecosystems through action

14.3.1 Conservation and sustainable utilisation of the oceans (events)

Mahidol University consistently supports and organizes events and initiatives that promote the conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and marine resources through a variety of collaborative projects and outreach programs.

• The Nature Lovers Club and Diving Club of Mahidol University International College (MUIC) launched “Ocean Guardians: Beach Cleanup and Sea Turtle Conservation Expedition”  on November 23, 2024 at Tien Beach and the Royal Thai Navy Sea Turtle Conservation Center, Sattahip District in Chonburi province.

This event, meant to involve people to help conserve the beaches and care for sea turtles, attracted around 40 participating students. They worked in groups collecting trash around the beach, eventually gathering a total of 18.4 kilograms of trash that were picked up and put away properly. A representative from the Nature Lovers Club gave a short lecture on why beach cleanups are important and identified sources of trash. In the afternoon, the students went to the Royal Thai Navy Sea Turtle Conservation Center in Sattahip to learn more about what the center does and how to look after sea turtles. They watched a presentation and engaged in a Q&A session before having a tour of the center. The participants were able to see different species of turtles in Thailand, with ages from three months to 10 years old. The center also had a nesting place for the turtles to lay their eggs, a nursery for the newborn turtles and an onsite hospital.

• On February 22, 2025, the Graduate School of Mahidol University, in collaboration with the Graduate Student Organization, organized a mangrove and coastal resource conservation activity under the MUGR Environmental Project for Sustainable Development: Green Future – Act Now, Save Tomorrow! at the Khlong Khon Mangrove Conservation Center in Samut Songkhram Province. The event was opened by Assistant Professor Dr. Thanakrit Niamhom, Deputy Dean for Student Affairs and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Public Health, and project advisor. Participants took part in a range of hands-on conservation activities, including beach cleanup and waste separation, a boat trip to observe aquatic animal conservation, and mangrove tree planting. The event was also attended by Associate Professor Dr. Prapimphan Wongjitra, Deputy Dean for Administration and System Development, Graduate School, who joined in the environmental activities.

The project aimed to raise awareness of climate change causes, impacts, and solutions, while promoting sustainable waste and resource management practices. It also fostered understanding of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 13 (Climate Action), Goal 14 (Life Below Water), and Goal 15 (Life on Land). By combining experiential learning with real-world action, the initiative helped develop environmental literacy and soft skills among Mahidol University graduate students. A total of 73 participants, including students, alumni, and staff, joined the activity—strengthening Mahidol’s ongoing commitment to environmental sustainability and community engagement.

References

1. Ocean Guardians: Beach Cleanup and Sea Turtle Conservation Expedition
2. กิจกรรมการอนุรักษ์ป่าชายเลนและทรัพยากรชายฝั่ง โครงการ MUGR Environmental Project for Sustainable Development Green Future: Act Now, Save Tomorrow

14.3.2 Food from aquatic ecosystems (policies)

Mahidol University upholds a strong commitment to sustainability by ensuring that all aquatic food resources used on campus are responsibly and sustainably harvested. The University emphasizes sourcing seafood and aquatic products from legally operated, sustainable, and community-based fisheries to protect marine biodiversity and support local livelihoods.

Through the Mahidol Sustainability Action Policy, the University actively promotes sustainable development and fosters awareness and participation within the Mahidol community. This policy aligns with the Marine and Coastal Resources Management Promotion Act, B.E. 2558 (2015) and is implemented through concrete actions that reflect Mahidol University’s dedication to protecting aquatic ecosystems and promoting responsible food systems.

The University continuously encourages the Mahidol community to build awareness and actively participate in alignment with the Marine and Coastal Resources Management Promotion Act, B.E. 2558 (2015) through the following actions:

• Support the prevention and reduction of all types of marine pollution, particularly marine debris and nutrient pollution.
• Promote the sustainable protection of marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant negative impacts on marine animals, marine plants, and ecosystems, as well as to restore the richness and productivity of the oceans.
• Encourage the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge, strengthen research capacity, and promote the transfer of marine technology in accordance with the principles and guidelines of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) on marine technology transfer, to maintain marine abundance and biodiversity.
• Promote and campaign to raise awareness among students and staff on the conservation and sustainable use of ocean resources.
• Support collaboration between the University and local or indigenous communities in restoring, managing, conserving, and sustainably utilizing ocean resources.

In addition, under the Policy on Promoting Food from Sustainable Sources with Nutritional Value and Hygienic Standards, Mahidol University recognizes the importance of clean, safe, and chemical-free food as a fundamental necessity for life. The University aims to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns through the following measures:

• Aquatic animals and seafood must come from legally operated and sustainable fisheries or from local community-based fisheries.
• Food vendors within the University’s food centers must follow proper food sanitation procedures. The University provides training and knowledge based on the Ministerial Regulation on Sanitation Standards for Food Establishments, B.E. 2561 (2018) to ensure safe and hygienic practices.

14.3.3 Maintain ecosystems and their biodiversity (direct work)

Mahidol University actively engages in research and collaboration with industries to protect, restore, and enhance ecosystems and biodiversity. The university works directly to maintain and expand existing natural habitats—both terrestrial and aquatic—focusing particularly on ecosystems under environmental threat. Through its interdisciplinary research, community outreach, and sustainable innovation, Mahidol University contributes to the preservation of plant and animal diversity, ensuring the long-term health and resilience of natural ecosystems.

Mahidol University’s Bueng Boraphet Sustainable Water and Agriculture Management Project  represents a holistic model of community-based wetland conservation and sustainable resource governance. Anchored at the Bueng Boraphet Research and Training Center in Nakhon Sawan Campus, the initiative has engaged closely with local communities, fishery groups, and agricultural networks  surrounding Thailand’s largest freshwater wetland—an area vital for both livelihoods and biodiversity. The project addresses long-standing issues such as water scarcity, overfishing, ecosystem degradation, and tourism-related pressures through data-driven participatory management. By integrating community knowledge with scientific research, Mahidol University has empowered local water user and fishery organizations across nine subdistricts to manage shared resources equitably. The creation of the Bueng Boraphet Smart System enables transparent access to environmental and water data, improving decision-making for agriculture, fisheries, and tourism management while ensuring the ecological health of this internationally important wetland.

Between 2022 and 2024, Mahidol University expanded its outreach by linking sustainable aquaculture and eco-tourism practices with water and agricultural management. Local fishery cooperatives were supported through training programs on eco-friendly fish farming, aquatic weed management, and sustainable harvesting techniques to balance productivity with wetland conservation. At the same time, community-based tourism initiatives—including guided wetland learning tours and birdwatching programs—were introduced to create alternative income sources while promoting environmental stewardship. In parallel, alternate wet–dry rice farming and organic fertilizer production from aquatic weeds were piloted to reduce methane emissions and enhance soil health, directly benefiting both farmers and wetland ecosystems. Two Bueng Boraphet Low Carbon Community Enterprise Groups were formed in Wang Mahakon and Phra Non Subdistricts, producing low-carbon rice and fertilizer products that showcase the connection between sustainable agriculture, healthy fisheries, and responsible tourism. The establishment of a prototype community learning center within the Bueng Boraphet Wildlife Sanctuary has since become a regional hub for visitors, students, and local organizations to learn about integrated wetland management.

Looking forward to 2025, Mahidol University aims to deepen collaboration with local and national stakeholders in fisheries, aquaculture, and eco-tourism sectors to ensure long-term sustainability of the Bueng Boraphet ecosystem. The university will continue to promote eco-friendly aquaculture techniques, expand the Bueng Boraphet Data Center for accessible research and education, and strengthen community-based tourism that highlights wetland conservation and biodiversity appreciation. The next phase of work will also scale up wet–dry rice cultivation by 800 rai per year, expand aquatic weed–based fertilizer production, and  link community enterprises with broader national markets and sustainable tourism networks . Supported by government agencies, private companies such as SCG and Siam Kubota, and academic institutions  including Kasetsart University, this 2025 action plan reflects Mahidol University’s enduring commitment to community empowerment, sustainable resource management, and climate resilience. By uniting science, local knowledge, and inclusive governance, the Bueng Boraphet initiative continues to serve as a national model for the sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture, and eco-tourism, fully aligned with Thailand’s Net Zero 2030 vision and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 6, 13, and 17).

Reference

1. การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด

14.3.4 Technologies towards aquatic ecosystem damage prevention (direct work)

Mahidol University actively collaborates with industries and conducts research to develop and promote technologies and best practices that help the marine sector minimize or prevent damage to aquatic ecosystems. Through these initiatives, the university supports sustainable marine industry operations while protecting and preserving the health and biodiversity of aquatic environments.

On August 9, 2024, the Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, through its Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, partnered with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) under the project “Strengthening Plastic Pollution Management in Asia and the Pacific.”  Together, they organized a training program on the use of CCTV technology to detect plastic waste in rivers  at the Richmond Stylish Convention Hotel, Nonthaburi Province. The initiative aimed to develop innovative monitoring systems to assess plastic waste before it reaches the sea and to strengthen collaboration among stakeholders in addressing marine pollution.

The training introduced participants to pLitter CCTV technology, which utilizes image processing and artificial intelligence to monitor and analyze plastic debris in waterways. Experts from the Geoinformatics Center, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) demonstrated how the system operates in real-world settings. Participants also explored the sources, impacts, and management strategies for plastic pollution, equipping them with practical tools and technical knowledge to contribute to sustainable river and marine ecosystem conservation. This collaboration highlights Mahidol University’s ongoing commitment to advancing research and innovation for plastic waste reduction and sustainable water resource management in Thailand and across the region.

Reference

1. Training on the Use of CCTV Cameras to Detect Plastic Waste in Rivers at the Richmond Stylish Convention Hotel, Nonthaburi Province

14.4 Water sensitive waste disposal

14.4.1 Water discharge guidelines and standards

Mahidol University maintains strict water quality standards and discharge guidelines to protect ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. The university’s Surface Water Management and drainage systems are supported by the Mahidol Monitoring System (MMS), which uses technology to track canal water levels and prevent flooding and drought. In addition, the Wastewater Treatment System ensures that all treated water is monitored monthly, with quality standards strictly following the regulations set by the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

Mahidol University mandates monthly monitoring of treated wastewater to ensure compliance with environmental standards. The quality of treated water must meet the criteria specified in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment’s regulations on wastewater discharge control for Type A buildings, as followed;

• The Guideline on Promotion of Efficiency in Water Consumption and Management

Mahidol University has launched the Eco-University policy for sustainable development which is encouraging Mahidol people to be conscious and participate in reducing tap water use and managing wastewater with standards. Therefore, there are measures to promote the reduction of water resource use, as follows:

1. Maintain and control wastewater quality standards  from all university buildings. The parameters monitored include pH, BOD, suspended solids, sulfide, total dissolved solids, settleable solids, fat, oil and grease, and TKN, in accordance with Mahidol University’s Water Management Announcement B.E. 2563 .

2. Conduct monthly wastewater analyses  both before and after treatment to ensure that water quality consistently meets established standards.
   
3. Minimize the use of chemicals, fertilizers, and pesticides  to prevent contamination or leakage into surrounding canals and water bodies.
   
4. Prohibit all faculties, departments, and offices  from discharging untreated wastewater into surface water sources around the university. Violators will face fines and wastewater treatment fees in accordance with university service rate policies.
   
5. Promote awareness and behavioral change  among students and staff to encourage water conservation and efficient use of water resources.

6. Encourage all faculties, departments, and offices to adopt water-efficient appliances  and prioritize the procurement of water-saving materials and environmentally friendly products  that align with sustainable water management policies.

7. Promote the reuse of treated water  for non-consumptive purposes such as vehicle washing, plant watering, and landscape maintenance to maximize resource efficiency.

8. Ensure the use of water-efficient devices  and implement immediate leak detection and repair  protocols. The university employs a digital water supply monitoring system  that tracks water usage in real time across all locations and detects abnormalities such as meter malfunctions or leaks. When an issue is detected, the system instantly alerts responsible staff, enabling prompt inspection and repair.

9. Establish water management guidelines  to prepare for future crises and droughts , ensuring the university’s resilience and sustainable water use under changing environmental conditions.

References

1. Mahidol Sustainability - Water
2. คุณภาพน้ำที่ผ่านการบำบัดจากระบบบำบัดน้ำเสีย มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล ศาลายา

14.4.2 Action plan to reducing plastic waste

Mahidol University is committed to advancing its mission toward becoming a sustainable university under the Mahidol University Sustainability Action, aligned with the framework of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Recognizing the environmental crisis caused by plastic waste, the university has implemented measures to reduce plastic use and eliminate foam products. This initiative plays a key role in achieving Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.

To address this issue systematically, Mahidol University has announced the “Single-Use Plastic Waste Reduction Policy 2025”, focusing on waste management at the source. The main objective of this policy is to reduce the amount of plastic waste within the university in a structured and sustainable manner.

The policy outlines proactive measures and action plans, including bans on single-use plastics, discount incentives for using personal containers (Reuse), and continuous awareness campaigns to encourage behavioral change among the university community. These efforts aim to promote responsible consumption and foster a truly environmentally friendly lifestyle.

This initiative reaffirms Mahidol University’s clear commitment and strategic approach to reducing plastic waste and disposable materials across all dimensions.

Single-Use Plastic Waste Reduction Policy B.E. 2568 (2025)

In alignment with the Mahidol University Sustainability Action and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Mahidol University is committed to advancing sustainable development. Recognizing the environmental and climate impacts caused by plastic and foam packaging—major contributors to pollution and greenhouse gas emissions—the University hereby establishes the following Single-Use Plastic Waste Reduction Policy:

1. Revocation of Previous Policy
   The previous announcement titled “Mahidol University Policy on Promoting Plastic Reduction and Foam Ban B.E. 2564 (2021)” is hereby revoked.
2. Definitions

• “University” means Mahidol University.
• “Unit” means the University Council Office, Office of the President, campuses, faculties, and other equivalent administrative units.
• “Shops” means business operators or service providers within the University premises, including restaurants, convenience stores, beverage shops, cooperatives, canteens, market stalls, hospital shops, and other similar establishments.
• “Single-use plastics” means plastic products designed for one-time use and disposal, such as plastic carrier bags, hot food bags, plastic food containers, plastic spoons and forks, plastic cups and lids, plastic straws, and foam products.

3. Guidelines for Implementation
   University units and shops are encouraged to avoid the use of single-use plastics that may generate microplastic residues in the environment. This applies to the sale and service of food and beverages, catering activities, and other events held within the University.

Further details and operational measures shall be specified to ensure effective implementation of this policy.

To Avoid	Recommended Packaging	Suggested Price
3.1 Avoid using plastic carrier bags and degradable plastics (Oxo-Degradable Plastic / Degradable Plastic / Environmentally Degradable Plastic).	Use paper bags, and allow shops to use plastic carrier bags only for hot food and heat-resistant packaging.	Shops may charge not less than 5 THB per paper bag.
3.2 Avoid using PLA (Polylactic Acid) plastic cups and thin plastic cups.	University units and shops should use cups made from plant fiber or paper coated with biodegradable materials, or Type 1 plastic (Polyethylene Terephthalate: PET) suitable for recycling, in that order of preference.	Shops may charge not less than 3 THB per cup.
3.3 Avoid using plastic lids for beverages.	University units and shops should use cup lids made from plant fiber or paper coated with biodegradable materials, or Type 1 PET plastic suitable for recycling, in that order of preference.	Not specified.
3.4 Avoid using plastic straws.	Shops should use straws made from plant fiber.	Not specified.
3.5 Avoid using plastic food boxes or containers.	Shops should use environmentally friendly or recyclable food containers and packaging (such as those made from bagasse, banana fiber, areca palm sheath, bamboo, cassava) or paper, or Type 1 PET plastic food containers, in that order of preference.	Shops may charge not less than 5 THB per food container or packaging.
3.6 Avoid using plastic spoons and forks.	Shops should use spoons and forks made from plant fiber or wood.	Not specified.

Implementation:
Actions under items 3.1–3.6 shall be applied only upon customer request.

If a university unit must use packaging listed under the “avoid” category, it should establish an internal waste management system to minimize waste sent to landfills.

4. Waste Management Oversight
University units shall oversee waste management practices of shops, vendors, and service providers within university premises—including restaurants, convenience stores, beverage shops, cooperatives, canteens, markets, hospital shops, and other outlets—to ensure compliance with the University’s waste management measures.

5. Awareness and Engagement
University units shall conduct campaigns and public communication to raise awareness and encourage participation in waste management from the source—by reducing waste generation, sorting waste properly, and disposing of it correctly.

6. Additional Measures for Off-Campus Units
Units located outside the Salaya Campus may establish additional or alternative waste management measures through their own announcements, provided that such measures align with the University’s waste management policy and are appropriate to the local context.

Effective Date:
This policy shall take effect from the date of announcement onward.

—-----------------------------

Mahidol University encourages its staff and students to reduce single-use waste by choosing reusable packaging and environmentally friendly products. This initiative aims to raise awareness and promote participation among the Mahidol community in reducing plastic and foam packaging, which are major contributors to pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The University implements the following actions:

Continuous Campaigns and Communication:
The University promotes ongoing campaigns and public communication within all departments to build awareness, responsibility, and participation in waste management from the source.

1. Campaigns to reduce the use of plastic packaging and limit the distribution of plastic bags by food vendors and market stalls.
2. Campaigns encouraging the use of personal cloth bags instead of receiving plastic bags from shops.
3. Campaigns promoting the use of personal cups during meetings and university activities.
4. Promotion of paper waste reduction by encouraging the use of electronic files instead of printing and double-sided printing.
5. Organization of activities that promote waste reduction among the Mahidol community, such as;

• Together for Mahidol Campus Sustainability

This initiative emphasizes that sustainability begins with each of us—students, staff, faculty, vendors, and visitors. Every daily action, from food choices to waste management and energy use, affects the environment and the future. Environmental problems are not the responsibility of one person alone; ending plastic pollution and addressing environmental challenges require collaboration across all sectors of the University—from policy-making to individual action.

        

        Main Objectives:

1. Promote Responsible Consumption: Encourage campus food and beverage vendors to reduce single-use plastics, adopt eco-friendly packaging, and promote healthy and hygienic food options.
2. Foster “Reduce, Refuse, and Quit” Plastic Behavior: Raise awareness among the Mahidol community and the public about the impacts of single-use plastics and encourage sustainable waste reduction practices.
3. Drive Toward Net Zero Emission: Implement effective plastic waste management to support the University’s goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.

• Reusable Containers and Bags Program:
  To reduce plastic waste, the University offers discounts on food and beverages for students and staff who bring their own reusable containers. During the Weekly Friday Market, the University also encourages shoppers to use reusable cloth bags and provides a donation point for reusable bags to further reduce plastic waste.

• Recycling Waste Bank Project:
  Mahidol University promotes a culture of waste separation through the Recycling Waste Bank Project, which enhances waste management efficiency. The University encourages students, staff, and community members to participate in recycling efforts by selling recyclable materials to the Waste Bank.

• Waste-to-Energy Project:
  Mahidol University collaborates with external partners to implement a Waste-to-Energy Project, which converts non-recyclable waste into sustainable alternative fuel, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. This initiative plays a key role in minimizing landfill waste, conserving energy, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. In Fiscal Year 2024, the project successfully diverted 5,949 kilograms of waste from landfills and converted it into energy.

References

1. การส่งเสริมการลดขยะพลาสติกใช้ครั้งเดียวทิ้ง มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล

14.4.3 Reducing marine pollution (policy)

Mahidol University maintains a policy dedicated to preventing and reducing all forms of marine pollution, with a particular focus on pollution originating from land-based activities.

Policy on Promoting the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Ocean Resources B.E. 2568 (2025)

In alignment with the Mahidol Sustainability Action for sustainable development, Mahidol University aims to raise awareness and encourage participation among the Mahidol community in complying with the Marine and Coastal Resources Management Promotion Act B.E. 2558 (2015) through the following actions:

• Support the prevention and reduction of all types of marine pollution, particularly marine debris and nutrient pollution.
• Promote the sustainable protection of marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant negative impacts on marine animals, marine plants, and ecosystems, as well as to restore the richness and productivity of the oceans.
• Enhance scientific and technological knowledge, strengthen research capacity, and promote the transfer of marine technology in accordance with the principles and guidelines of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) on marine technology transfer, to maintain marine abundance and biodiversity.
• Promote awareness and advocacy among students and staff to foster understanding and responsibility in conserving and sustainably utilizing ocean resources.
• Support collaboration between the University and local or indigenous communities in restoring, conserving, and sustainably managing ocean resources.

Mahidol University Announcement

Policy on Promoting Sustainably Sourced, Nutritious, and Hygienic Food in Accordance with Food Sanitation Standards B.E. 2568 (2025)

In recognition of the importance of establishing a policy to promote food sourced from sustainable production systems that are nutritious and hygienic in accordance with food sanitation standards, Mahidol University encourages the responsible sourcing and consumption of aquatic food (Sustainably Harvested Aquatic Food).

This policy aims to raise awareness of the importance of consuming food that is clean, safe, and free from harmful chemical residues, supporting both human health and environmental sustainability.

Reference https://sustainability.mahidol.ac.th/th/about/policies-and-plans

14.5 Maintaining a local ecosystem

14.5.1 Minimizing alteration of aquatic ecosystems (plan)

Mahidol University consistently implements comprehensive plans to minimize physical, chemical, and biological disturbances to surrounding aquatic ecosystems. These efforts aim to preserve the natural balance of water environments by preventing pollution, controlling runoff, and promoting sustainable management practices that protect the health and resilience of aquatic habitats.

Mahidol University’s Bueng Boraphet Sustainable Water and Agriculture Management Project  stands as a comprehensive model of community-based wetland conservation and sustainable resource governance. Based at the Bueng Boraphet Research and Training Center, Nakhon Sawan Campus, the initiative actively engages local communities, fishery groups, and agricultural networks surrounding Thailand’s largest freshwater wetland—an ecosystem vital for both livelihoods and biodiversity. The project tackles long-standing challenges such as water scarcity, overfishing, ecosystem degradation, and tourism-related pressures through data-driven participatory management . By integrating community knowledge with scientific research, Mahidol University empowers local water users and fishery organizations across nine subdistricts to manage shared resources equitably. Importantly, the Bueng Boraphet Smart System enhances efforts to preserve the natural balance of water environments by preventing pollution, controlling runoff, and promoting sustainable management practices  that protect the health and resilience of aquatic habitats. This system provides transparent access to environmental and water data, improving decision-making for agriculture, fisheries, and tourism while ensuring the long-term ecological integrity of this internationally significant wetland.

Between 2022 and 2024, Mahidol University expanded its outreach by integrating sustainable aquaculture, eco-tourism, and agricultural water management. Local fishery cooperatives were trained in eco-friendly fish farming, aquatic weed management, and sustainable harvesting techniques , directly supporting the balance between productivity and wetland conservation. The university also encouraged community-based tourism—such as guided wetland learning tours and birdwatching—to generate income while fostering environmental stewardship. Innovations like alternate wet–dry rice farming and organic fertilizer production from aquatic weeds help minimize pollution, restore natural nutrient cycles, and strengthen wetland resilience.  Two Low Carbon Community Enterprise Groups were established to promote low-carbon rice and fertilizer production, linking sustainable agriculture with healthy fisheries and responsible tourism. The establishment of a prototype community learning center within the Bueng Boraphet Wildlife Sanctuary now serves as a regional hub for education and collaboration in integrated wetland management.

Looking ahead to 2025 , Mahidol University will intensify its collaboration with local and national partners in fisheries, aquaculture, and eco-tourism to secure the long-term sustainability of the Bueng Boraphet ecosystem. The university plans to expand eco-friendly aquaculture practices, strengthen pollution prevention systems, and scale up sustainable land and water management approaches  that safeguard both biodiversity and community well-being. Through the expansion of the Bueng Boraphet Data Center, the scaling of wet–dry rice cultivation, and broader community enterprise networks, the 2025 action plan demonstrates Mahidol University’s enduring commitment to protecting aquatic ecosystems by preventing degradation, reducing pollutants, and promoting sustainable resource management . Supported by government, private, and academic partners, this initiative continues to be a national model aligned with Thailand’s Net Zero 2030 vision  and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 6, 13, and 17) .

Reference

1. การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด

14.5.2 Monitoring the health of aquatic ecosystems

Mahidol University promotes its vision as an Eco-University by prioritizing sustainable water management and the efficient use of water resources to improve the quality of life for its staff and students. The university also continuously monitors the health of aquatic ecosystems to ensure the preservation of water quality, protect biodiversity, and maintain ecological balance within and around its campuses.

• Surface Water and Aquatic Health Monitoring

The Utilities and Building System Unit conducts routine monitoring of surface water quality every month, measuring key parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH levels. If irregularities are detected, staff immediately take corrective actions to restore water quality to meet national standards.

This ongoing monitoring plays a vital role in assessing and maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems within and around the campus by preventing contamination, controlling runoff, and ensuring that surface waters remain safe for local biodiversity.

• Drainage and Flood Prevention

Mahidol University regularly cleans its rainwater drainage systems every two years, including pipes, ditches, and road sieves, to prevent flooding and maintain water flow efficiency. The Mahidol Monitoring System (MMS), established in 2021, utilizes real-time data and technology to track water levels within campus canals—helping to predict and prevent both floods and droughts.

This technology supports proactive management and provides continuous environmental data that contribute to long-term monitoring of aquatic ecosystem conditions and water stability.

• Wastewater Treatment and Quality Control

As the campus population and infrastructure expanded, Mahidol University upgraded from oxidation ponds to an activated sludge wastewater treatment system in 2012, capable of treating 3,000 cubic meters per day. The system now serves 17 major divisions and multiple research institutes, with newer buildings operating their own treatment systems. The Division of Physical Systems and Environment monitors surface water and treated wastewater quality monthly, ensuring compliance with the Pollution Control Department standards under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

These monthly water quality assessments are essential to monitor the health of aquatic ecosystems, prevent pollution, and uphold the environmental integrity of surrounding water bodies.

All monitoring data and wastewater quality reports are made publicly accessible through the university’s website, demonstrating transparency and accountability in environmental stewardship.

Reference

1. Mahidol Sustainability - Water

14.5.3 Programmes towards good aquatic stewardship practices

Mahidol University consistently develops and supports programs and initiatives that promote responsible and sustainable aquatic stewardship. Through research, community engagement, and educational outreach, the university encourages practices that protect and restore water ecosystems, enhance biodiversity, and ensure the sustainable use of aquatic resources. These ongoing efforts aim to inspire students, staff, and local communities to actively participate in maintaining the health and balance of rivers, wetlands, and coastal environments for present and future generations.

One of the flagship initiatives of Mahidol University, the Wetlands Management Research and Training Center (WMRTC) under the Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies , plays a pivotal role in advancing wetland and coastal conservation through interdisciplinary research, education, and regional cooperation. Since its establishment in 2005, the Center has served as a leading national and regional hub for sustainable wetland management, promoting the wise use of water and aquatic resources, strengthening ecosystem resilience, and protecting biodiversity across Thailand and the wider Asian region.

From 2022 to 2025, WMRTC has been implementing the “Establishing a Collaborative Network for Mangrove Conservation and a Model Area for Blue Swimming Crab and Mud Crab Conservation in the Bay of Bengal” project ,  supported by the Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF). This initiative brings together eight coastal nations—Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia—through the Bay of Bengal Wetland Partnership (BoBWeT) to address regional challenges such as overfishing, mangrove loss, pollution, and climate change.

A key component of the project is the participatory monitoring of wetland and marine ecosystems using digital tools and social networking platforms to share data, raise awareness, and promote responsible fisheries management. Through community engagement, WMRTC supports crab bank networks, mangrove reforestation, and training programs that enhance local capacity for sustainable aquaculture and habitat restoration. These activities directly contribute to preserving the natural balance of coastal and aquatic environments—by preventing pollution, restoring mangroves, and strengthening local stewardship of marine resources.

In parallel, WMRTC continues to serve as a regional center for education, training, and scientific research, providing technical expertise, policy guidance, and platforms for collaboration among governments, researchers, and communities. Its work aligns closely with UN Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water, reinforcing Mahidol University’s commitment to the monitoring, protection, and sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems for long-term environmental and social resilience.

Reference

1. The Wetlands Management Research and Training Center - การสร้างเครือข่ายความร่วมมือในการอนุรักษ์ป่าชายเลนและพื้นที่ต้นแบบด้านการอนุรักษ์ปูม้า และปูทะเลในอ่าวเบงกอล

14.5.4 Collaboration for shared aquatic ecosystems

Mahidol University consistently collaborates with local communities and partner organizations through various projects aimed at maintaining and restoring shared aquatic ecosystems. These partnerships promote community participation, sustainable resource management, and long-term stewardship of wetlands, rivers, and coastal environments.

• Bueng Boraphet Sustainable Water and Agriculture Management Project  

The project exemplifies a comprehensive model of collaborative, community-based wetland conservation  and sustainable resource governance. Based at the Bueng Boraphet Research and Training Center, Nakhon Sawan Campus, the initiative actively engages local communities, fishery groups, and agricultural networks  surrounding Thailand’s largest freshwater wetland—an ecosystem essential for both livelihoods and biodiversity. Through these partnerships , the project addresses long-standing challenges such as water scarcity, overfishing, ecosystem degradation, and tourism-related pressures using data-driven, participatory management. By integrating community knowledge with scientific research , Mahidol University empowers local water users and fishery organizations across nine subdistricts  to manage shared resources equitably. The Bueng Boraphet Smart System further enhances conservation efforts by preventing pollution, controlling runoff, and promoting sustainable management practices that protect the health and resilience of aquatic habitats while providing transparent access to water and environmental data.

Between 2022 and 2024, Mahidol University expanded its collaboration  by integrating sustainable aquaculture, eco-tourism, and agricultural water management. Local fishery cooperatives partnered with the university  to receive training in eco-friendly fish farming, aquatic weed management, and sustainable harvesting techniques, balancing productivity with wetland conservation. The university also worked with community tourism groups  to develop guided wetland learning tours and birdwatching programs, generating income while promoting environmental stewardship. Initiatives such as alternate wet–dry rice farming and organic fertilizer production from aquatic weeds helped restore natural nutrient cycles, reduce pollution, and enhance ecosystem resilience. Furthermore, two Low Carbon Community Enterprise Groups were co-established with local communities , connecting sustainable agriculture with responsible fisheries and tourism. A prototype community learning center within the Bueng Boraphet Wildlife Sanctuary , developed through multi-stakeholder collaboration, now serves as a regional hub for education, training, and knowledge exchange in integrated wetland management.

Looking ahead to 2025, Mahidol University will strengthen its partnerships with local and national stakeholders —including fisheries, aquaculture, and eco-tourism sectors—to secure the long-term sustainability of the Bueng Boraphet ecosystem. The university plans to expand joint initiatives  in eco-friendly aquaculture, scale up wet–dry rice cultivation, and broaden community enterprise networks  through cooperation with government agencies, private companies such as SCG and Siam Kubota, and academic institutions including Kasetsart University. These continued collaborations reflect Mahidol University’s enduring commitment to protecting aquatic ecosystems  through sustainable resource management, pollution prevention, and community empowerment—supporting Thailand’s Net Zero 2030 vision and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2, 6, 13, and 17).

• Establishing a Collaborative Network for Mangrove Conservation and a Model Area for Blue Swimming Crab and Mud Crab Conservation in the Bay of Bengal project

The Wetlands Management Research and Training Center (WMRTC) under Mahidol University’s Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies serves as a leading national and regional hub for wetland and coastal conservation. Through interdisciplinary research, education, and collaboration, the Center promotes sustainable water and aquatic resource management, ecosystem resilience, and biodiversity protection across Thailand and Asia.

From 2022 to 2025, WMRTC has been implementing the “Establishing a Collaborative Network for Mangrove Conservation and a Model Area for Blue Swimming Crab and Mud Crab Conservation in the Bay of Bengal” project, supported by the Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF). This initiative brings together eight coastal nations through the Bay of Bengal Wetland Partnership (BoBWeT) to jointly address overfishing, mangrove loss, pollution, and climate change. By working with local communities and regional partners, WMRTC promotes crab bank networks, mangrove restoration, and sustainable aquaculture, preserving the natural balance of coastal ecosystems while advancing UN SDG 14: Life Below Water.

References

1. การมีส่วนร่วมในการบริหารจัดการน้ำในพื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำบึงบอระเพ็ด
2. The Wetlands Management Research and Training Center - การสร้างเครือข่ายความร่วมมือในการอนุรักษ์ป่าชายเลนและพื้นที่ต้นแบบด้านการอนุรักษ์ปูม้า และปูทะเลในอ่าวเบงกอล

14.5.5 Watershed management strategy

• Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Mahidol University

Mahidol University has implemented a comprehensive watershed management strategy , integrating it directly into the institution's core policy via the "Mahidol University Salaya Master Plan B.E. 2008."

The Master Plan's core concept is "A promised place to live and learn with nature," with a strategic goal of being a "Green University" focused on preserving the original ecosystem alongside development. The university has therefore conserved two original natural wetlands  that pre-date the campus: one north of the Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR) and another south of the Siree Rukkachati Nature Park . These wetlands function not only as natural retention ponds but also as vital habitats for water resources, aquatic plants, and diverse aquatic species .

This management strategy is explicitly based on location-specific diversity of aquatic species . The university undertook a detailed biodiversity survey and database project, published as the "Salaya's Natural Wonders" (ธรรมชาติสรรพสิ่งศาลายา)  book series. This series was created with the stated purpose of being "used for the management and conservation of the area."

Data relevant to aquatic ecosystems was specifically recorded in "Book 3: Wetlands" (พื้นที่ชุ่มน้ำ)  and "Book 5: Fish-Reptiles" (ปลา-สัตว์เลื้อยคลาน) . These volumes document the actual species identified (e.g., scientific name, characteristics) and, critically, their "location found at Mahidol Salaya."  This ensures that the management of each of the two wetland areas is based on the specific aquatic life known to inhabit it.

The existence of this location-specific species database allows the university's watershed strategy to be put into practice. The university does not merely conserve the wetlands; it uses this biodiversity data to develop them into "Nature Trails" and "Outdoor Classrooms for practical study."  This constitutes a watershed management strategy that actively promotes education based on the actual  aquatic biodiversity present in that specific location.

Reference

1. Mahidol Sustainability - Ecosystem